Résumé & Références

Hertoghe, Th

Le syndrome de multiple déficience endocrinien: Is Human Senescence mainly caused by Multiple Hormone Deficiencies ?

Ann NY Acad Sci. 2005 Dec; 1057; 448-66

Dans le corps humain, the productions, levels and cell receptors of most hormones progressively decline with age, gradually putting the body into various states of endocrine deficiency. The circadian cycles of these hormones also change, alter, sometimes profoundly, with time. In aging individuals, the well-balanced endocrine system can fall into a chaotic condition with losses, phase-advancements, phase delays, unpredictable irregularities of nycthemeral hormone cycles, in particular in very old or sick individuals.  The desynchronization makes hormone activities peak at the wrong times and become inefficient, and in certain cases health-threatening. The occurrence of multiple hormone deficits and spilling through desynchronisation may constitute the major causes of human senescence, treatable causes.


Several arguments can be put forward to support the view that senescence is mainly a multiple hormone deficiency syndrome:  

First, many if not most of the signs, symptoms and diseases (including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, obesity, diabetes, osteoporosis, dementia) of senescence are similar to physical consequences of hormone deficiencies and may be caused by hormone deficiencies.

Secondly, most of the presumed causes of senescence such as excessive free radical formation, glycation, cross-linking of proteins, imbalanced apoptosis system, accumulation of waste products, failure of repair systems, deficient immune system, etc. may be caused or favoured by hormone deficiencies. Even genetic causes such as limits to cell proliferation (such as the Hayflick limit of cell division), poor gene polymorphisms, premature telomere shortening and activation of possible genetic “dead programs” may have links with hormone deficiencies, being either the consequence, the cause or the major favouring factor of hormone deficiencies.  

Thirdly, well-dosed and -balanced hormone supplements may slow down or stop the progression of signs, symptoms or diseases of senescence, and may often reverse or even cure them.


If hormone deficiencies and imbalances are the major causes of senescence, what is then the treatment?  Crucial for the treatment of senescent persons is to make a correct diagnosis.  Best way, is making up an anamnesis of all symptoms related to hormone disturbances, a thorough physical examination, and get laboratory tests done such as serum and 24 hour urine analyses.  The physician should not only look for hormone deficiencies, including the mildest ones, but also search for any alterations in hormone circadian cycles, and for the presence of any factors - nutritional, dietary, behavioural, lifestyle, environmental (including illumination and pollutants (indoor, outdoor or dietary) – that cause or aggravate hormone deficiencies.  After completion of the detailed diagnostic phase, and obtaining and analyzing the results of the tests, treatment can start.  In general, before supplying hormones, the first step is to eliminate all other factors that contribute to senescence.  After that, supplements of the missing hormones can then be administered, carefully respecting an appropriate timing of their intake, eventually taking measures such as lifestyle changes to restore circadian rhythmicity.  


Senescence resembles hormone deficiencies.

During human senescence, many functional capacities progressively decline in parallel to the general decline in hormone levels. Figure 1 and 2 are schematic representations of such progressive losses248-250.

INTRODUCTION:

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SENESCENCE IS ASSOCIATED WITH A DECLINE OF MOST HORMONE LEVELS.

GH

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TSH

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Thyroid hormones

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DHEA

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Aldosterone

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Estrogens

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Testosterone

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Cortisol

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Imbalaced anabolic/catabolic hormonal balance with age

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Parathormone: increased serum level with age

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Somatostatin: increased serum level with age

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Longitudinal prospective studies

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Quick decline of GH, DHEA in men and women, and testosterone in womn with age

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testosterone derives in women for more than 90% from the much quicker declining serum DHEA77,

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Decrease s of metabolic clearance of hormones with age:

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57. Katzeff HL.  Increasing age impairs the thyroid hormone response to overfeeding. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1990 Jul;194(3):198-203

in humans

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Reductions of the number of hormone receptors with age:

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63. Borg LA, Dahl N, Swenne I.   Age-dependent differences in insulin secretion and intracellular handling of insulin in isolated pancreatic islets of the rat. Diabete Metab. 1995 Dec;21(6):408-14

 

SENESCENCE IS ASSOCIATED WITH DISTURBANCES, SOMETIMES PROFOUND, OF MOST CIRCADIAN ENDOCRINE CYCLES

Growth hormone (GH): reduced amplitude and phase advance with age

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Melatonin: reduced amplitude and phase advance with age

65. van Coevorden A, Mockel J, Laurent E, Kerkhofs M, L'Hermite-Baleriaux M, Decoster C, Neve P, Van Cauter E. Neuroendocrine rhythms and sleep in aging men. Am J Physiol. 1991;260(4 Pt 1):E651-61

66. Zhou JN, Liu RY, van Heerikhuize J, Hofman MA, Swaab DF. Alterations in the circadian rhythm of salivary melatonin begin during middle-age. J Pineal Res. 2003 Jan;34(1):11-6

TSH: reduced amplitude and phase advance with age

67. Greenspan SL, Klibanski A, Rowe JW, Elahi D. Age-related alterations in pulsatile secretion of TSH: role of dopaminergic regulation. Am J Physiol. 1991 Mar;260(3 Pt 1):E486-91

68. Barreca T, Franceschini R, Messina V, Bottaro L, Rolandi E. 24-hour thyroid-stimulating hormone secretory pattern in elderly men. Gerontology. 1985;31(2):119-23

Cortisol:  Higher serum cortisol in the evening and at night, and phase advance of cortisol rhythm

69. Vgontzas AN, Zoumakis M, Bixler EO, Lin HM, Prolo P, Vela-Bueno A, Kales A, Chrousos GP.  Impaired nighttime sleep in healthy old versus young adults is associated with elevated plasma interleukin-6 and cortisol levels: physiologic and therapeutic implications. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 May;88(5):2087-95

70. Sherman B, Wysham C, Pfohl B. Age-related changes in the circadian rhythm of plasma cortisol in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1985 Sep;61(3):439-43

DHEA sulphate: reduced amplitude up to disappearance of its circadian rhythm with age

71. Del Ponte A, Di Monte MG, Graziani D, Guagnano MT, Menduni P, Vitullo F, Sensi S. Changes in plasma DHEAS circadian rhythm in elderly men. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1990;341A:791-6

Aldosterone: reduced amplitude but maintenance with age

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Testosterone: reduced amplitude and desynchonisation of its circadian rhythm with age

73. Bremner WJ, Vitiello MV, Prinz PN. Loss of circadian rhythmicity in blood testosterone levels with aging in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1983 Jun;56(6):1278-81

Starts in middle age

74. Luboshitzky R, Shen-Orr Z, Herer P. Middle-aged men secrete less testosterone at night than young healthy men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Jul;88(7):3160-6

 

MOST AGING THEORIES CAN BE EXPLAINED AND SUPPORTED BY THE “MULTIPLE HORMONE DEFICIENCY” THEORY OF AGING.

 

Excessive free radical formation

 

75. Bednarek-Tupikowska G, Bohdanowicz-Pawlak A, Bidzinska B, Milewicz A, Antonowicz-Juchniewicz J, Andrzejak R. Serum lipid peroxide levels and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2001 Aug;15(4):298-303

76. Bhagwat VR. Relationship of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, serum lipid peroxides and age. Indian J Med Sci. 1997 Feb;51(2):45-51

77.Misra GC, Bose SL Samal AK. Malabsorption in thyroid dysfunctions. J Indian Med Assoc. 1991 Jul;89(7):195-7

Melatonin

78. Sofic E, Rimpapa Z, Kundurovic Z, Sapcanin A, Tahirovic I, Rustembegovic A, Cao G. Antioxidant capacity of the neurohormone melatonin. J Neural Transm. 2005 Mar;112(3):349-58

79. Ayata A, Mollaoglu H, Yilmaz HR, Akturk O, Ozguner F, Altuntas I. Oxidative stress-mediated skin damage in an experimental mobile phone model can be prevented by melatonin. J Dermatol. 2004 Nov;31(11):878-83

80. Baydas G, Tuzcu M. Protective effects of melatonin against ethanol-induced reactive gliosis in hippocampus and cortex of young and aged rats. Exp Neurol. 2005 Jul;194(1):175-81

81. Kerman M, Cirak B, Ozguner MF, Dagtekin A, Sutcu R, Altuntas I, Delibas N. Does melatonin protect or treat brain damage from traumatic oxidative stress? Exp Brain Res. 2005 Jun;163(3):406-10

82. Abdel-Wahhab MA, Abdel-Galil MM, El-Lithey M. Melatonin counteracts oxidative stress in rats fed an ochratoxin A contaminated diet. J Pineal Res. 2005 Mar;38(2):130-5

83. Ozacmak VH, Sayan H, Arslan SO, Altaner S, Aktas RG. Protective effect of melatonin on contractile activity and oxidative injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion of rat ileum. Life Sci. 2005 Feb 18;76(14):1575-88

Thyroid hormones

84. Antipenko AYe, Antipenko YN. Thyroid hormones and regulation of cell reliability systems. Adv Enzyme Regul. 1994;34:173-98

85. Tseng YL, Latham KR. Iodothyronines: oxidative deiodination by hemoglobin and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Lipids. 1984 Feb;19(2):96-102

86. Bozhko AP, Gorodetskaia IV.  The role of thyroid hormones in prevention of disorders of myocardial contractile function and antioxidant activity during heat stress. Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova. 1998 Mar;84(3):226-32

87. Faure P, Oziol L, Artur Y, Chomard P. Thyroid hormone (T3) and its acetic derivative (TA3) protect low-density lipoproteins from oxidation by different mechanisms. Biochimie. 2004 Jun;86(6):411-8

88. Brzezinska-Slebodzinska E. Influence of hypothyroidism on lipid peroxidation, erythrocyte resistance and antioxidant plasma properties in rabbits. Acta Vet Hung. 2003;51(3):343-51

89. Oziol L, Faure P, Bertrand N, Chomard P. Inhibition of in vitro macrophage-induced low density lipoprotein oxidation by thyroid compounds. J Endocrinol. 2003 Apr;177(1):137-46

Parathyroid hormone

90. Chen SM, Young TK.Effect of parathyroid hormone on antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation of erythrocytes in five-sixths nephrectomized rats. Nephron. 1996;73(2):235-42

Insulin: Oxidative stress in diabetes

91. Abou-Seif MA, Youssef AA. Oxidative stress and male IGF-1, gonadotropin and related hormones in diabetic patients. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2001 Jul;39(7):618-23

DHEA

92. Iwasaki Y, Asai M, Yoshida M, Nigawara T, Kambayashi M, Nakashima N. Dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate inhibits nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent transcription in hepatocytes, possibly through antioxidant effect. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jul;89(7):3449-54

93. Bekesi G, Kakucs R, Varbiro S, Racz K, Sprintz D, Feher J, Szekacs B. In vitro effects of different steroid hormones on superoxide anion production of human neutrophil granulocytes. Steroids. 2000 Dec;65(12):889-94

94. Bednarek-Tupikowska G, Gosk I, Szuba A, Bohdanowicz-Pawlak A, Kosowska B, Bidzinska B, Milewicz A Influence of dehydroepiandrosterone on platelet aggregation, superoxide dismutase activity and serum lipid peroxide concentrations in rabbits with induced hypercholesterolemia. Med Sci Monit. 2000;6(1):40-5

Cortisol

95. Gavan N, Maibach H. Effect of topical corticosteroids on the activity of superoxide dismutase in human skin in vitro. Skin Pharmacol. 1997;10(5-6):309-13

Estrogens

96. Sugishita K, Li F, Su Z, Barry WH. Anti-oxidant effects of estrogen reduce [Ca2+]i during metabolic inhibition. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2003 Mar;35(3):331-6

97. Han HJ, Park SH, Park HJ, Lee JH, Lee BC, Hwang WS. Effects of sex hormones on Na+/glucose cotransporter of renal proximal tubular cells following oxidant injury. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2001;24(3):159-65

98. Barp J, Araujo AS, Fernandes TR, Rigatto KV, Llesuy S, Bello-Klein A, Singal P. Myocardial antioxidant and oxidative stress changes due to sex hormones. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2002 Sep;35(9):1075-81

99. Azevedo RB, Lacava ZG, Miyasaka CK, Chaves SB, Curi R. Regulation of antioxidant enzyme activities in male and female rat macrophages by sex steroids. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2001 May;34(5):683-7

100. Massafra C, Gioia D, De Felice C, Picciolini E, De Leo V, M Bonifazi, Bernabei A. Effects of estrogens and androgens on erythrocyte antioxidant superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities during the menstrual cycle. J Endocrinol. 2000 Dec;167(3):447-52

Testosterone and estrogens

101. Tam NN, Ghatak S, Ho SM. Sex hormone-induced alterations in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation status in the prostate of Noble rats. Prostate. 2003 Apr 1;55(1):1-8

102. Ahlbom E, Prins GS, Ceccatelli S. Testosterone protects cerebellar granule cells from oxidative stress-induced cell death through a receptor mediated mechanism. Brain Res. 2001 Feb 23;892(2):255-62

Testosterone

103. Klinger W, Lupp A, Karge E, Baumbach H, Eichhorn F, Feix A, Fuldner F, Gernhardt S, Knels L, Kost B, Mertens G, Werner F, Oettel M, Romer W, Schwarz S, Elger W, Schneider B.  Estradiol, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione: novel derivatives and enantiomers. Interactions with rat liver microsomal cytochrome P450 and antioxidant/radical scavenger activities in vitro. Toxicol Lett. 2002 Mar 10;128(1-3):129-44

104. Juliet PA, Hayashi T, Daigo S, Matsui-Hirai H, Miyazaki A, Fukatsu A, Funami J, Iguchi A, Ignarro LJ. Combined effect of testosterone and apocynin on nitric oxide and superoxide production in PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2004 Sep 17;1693(3):185-91

105. Tam NN, Gao Y, Leung YK, Ho SM. Androgenic regulation of oxidative stress in the rat prostate: involvement of NAD(P)H oxidases and antioxidant defense machinery during prostatic involution and regrowth. Am J Pathol. 2003 Dec;163(6):2513-22

 

Glycation

Anabolic steroids: protective against advanced glycation end-products

106. Celec P, Jani P, Smrekova L, Mrlian A, Kudela M, Hodosy J, Boor P, Kristova V, Jakubovsky J, Jezova D, Halcak L, Bozek P, Slamova J, Ulicna O, Hojsik D, Jurkovicova I. Effects of anabolic steroids and antioxidant vitamins on ethanol-induced tissue injury. Life Sci. 2003 Dec 12;74(4):419-34

Cross-linking of proteins

Estrogens:  reduce  cross-linking

107. Falconer C, Ekman-Ordeberg G, Ulmsten U, Westergren-Thorsson G, Barchan K, Malmstrom A. Changes in paraurethral connective tissue at menopause are counteracted by estrogen. Maturitas. 1996 Jul;24(3):197-204.

 

Imbalanced apoptosis

 

TSH: inhibits undesirable apotosis

108. Feldkamp J, Pascher E, Perniok A, Scherbaum WA. Fas-Mediated apoptosis is inhibited by TSH and iodine in moderate concentrations in primary human thyrocytes in vitro. Horm Metab Res. 1999 Jun;31(6):355-8.

Melatonin: inhibits undesirable apotosis

109. Majsterek I, Gloc E, Blasiak J, Reiter RJ. A comparison of the action of amifostine and melatonin on DNA-damaging effects and apoptosis induced by idarubicin in normal and cancer cells. J Pineal Res. 2005 May;38(4):254-63

Cortisol and corticosterone: inhibits undesirable apotosis

110. Chen QM, Alexander D, Sun H, Xie L, Lin Y, Terrand J, Morrissy S, Purdom S. Corticosteroids inhibit cell death induced by Doxorubicin in cardiomyocytes: induction of antiapoptosis, antioxidant, and detoxification genes. Mol Pharmacol. 2005 Jun;67(6):1861-73

Estrogen: inhibit  undesirable apotosis

111. Murdoch WJ. Inhibition by oestradiol of oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in pig ovarian tissues. J Reprod Fertil. 1998 Sep;114(1):127-30

Testosterone: enhanced apoptosis of cancer cells induced by an antioxidant

112. Gunawardena K, Murray DK, Meikle AW. Testosterone is a potential augmentor of antioxidant-induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. Cancer Detect Prev. 2002;26(2):105-13

 

Failure of repair systems

 

GH/IGF-1

113. Revhaug A, Mjaaland M. Growth hormone and surgery. Horm Res. 1993;40(1-3):99-101

114. Dahlgren LA, van der Meulen MC, Bertram JE, Starrak GS, Nixon AJ. Insulin-like growth factor-I improves cellular and molecular aspects of healing in a collagenase-induced model of flexor tendinitis. J Orthop Res. 2002 Sep;20(5):910-9

Melatonin:

115. Liu X, Zhao J, Zheng R. DNA damage of tumor-associated lymphocytes and total antioxidant capacity in cancerous patients. Mutat Res. 2003 Aug 5;539(1-2):1-8

116. Cuzzocrea S, Costantino G, Caputi AP. Protective effect of melatonin on cellular energy depletion mediated by peroxynitrite and poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase activation in a non-septic shock model induced by zymosan in the rat. J Pineal Res. 1998 Sep;25(2):78-85

117. Dugo L, Serraino I, Fulia F, De Sarro A, Caputi AP, Cuzzocrea S. Effect of melatonin on cellular energy depletion mediated by peroxynitrite and poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase activation in an acute model of inflammation. J Pineal Res. 2001 Aug;31(1):76-84

118. Reiter RJ, Sainz RM, Lopez-Burillo S, Mayo JC, Manchester LC, Tan DX. Melatonin ameliorates neurologic damage and neurophysiologic deficits in experimental models of stroke. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003 May;993:35-47; discussion 48-53

119. Stavisky RC, Britt JM, Zuzek A, Truong E, Bittner GD. Melatonin enhances the in vitro and in vivo repair of severed rat sciatic axons. Neurosci Lett. 2005 Mar 11;376(2):98-101

Thyroid hormone

120. Palmer KC, Mari F, Malian MS. Cadmium-induced acute lung injury: compromised repair response following thyroidectomy. Environ Res. 1986 Dec;41(2):568-84

121. Safer JD, Crawford TM, Holick MF. A role for thyroid hormone in wound healing through keratin gene expression. Endocrinology. 2004 May;145(5):2357-61

Parathormone:

122. Kim HW, Jahng JS. Effect of intermittent administration of parathyroid hormone on fracture healing in ovariectomized rats. : Iowa Orthop J. 1999;19:71-7

Insulin: stimulates repair of DNA damage in astroglial cells, esp. in aged cells

123. Spina Purrello V, Cormaci G, Denaro L, Reale S, Costa A, Lalicata C, Sabbatini M, Marchetti B, Avola R. Effect of growth factors on nuclear and mitochondrial ADP-ribosylation processes during astroglial cell development and aging in culture. Mech Ageing Dev. 2002 Mar 15;123(5):511-20

Estradiol

124. Strehlow K, Werner N, Berweiler J, Link A, Dirnagl U, Priller J, Laufs K, Ghaeni L, Milosevic M, Bohm M, Nickenig G. Estrogen increases bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cell production and diminishes neointima formation. Circulation. 2003 Jun 24;107(24):3059-65

125. Krasinski K, Spyridopoulos I, Asahara T, van der Zee R, Isner JM, Losordo DW. Estradiol accelerates functional endothelial recovery after arterial injury. Circulation. 1997 Apr 1;95(7):1768-72

 

Deficient immune system theory. 

 

GH/IGF-1

126. Wise T, Klindt J, Macdonald GJ, Ford JJ.  Effects of neonatal sexual differentiation, growth hormone and testosterone on thymic weights and thymosin-beta 4 in hypophysectomized rats. J Reprod Immunol. 1991 Jan;19(1):43-54

127. Knyszynski A, Adler-Kunin S, Globerson A.  Effects of growth hormone on thymocyte development from progenitor cells in the bone marrow. Brain Behav Immun. 1992 Dec;6(4):327-40

128. Beschorner WE, Divic J, Pulido H, Yao X, Kenworthy P, Bruce G.  Enhancement of thymic recovery after cyclosporine by recombinant human growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I. Transplantation. 1991 Nov;52(5):879-84

129. Murphy WJ, Durum SK, Longo DL.  Role of neuroendocrine hormones in murine T cell development. Growth hormone exerts thymopoietic effects in vivo. J Immunol. 1992 Dec 15;149(12):3851-7

130. Kappel M, Hansen MB, Diamant M, Jorgensen JO, Gyhrs A, Pedersen BK.  Effects of an acute bolus growth hormone infusion on the human immune system. Horm Metab Res. 1993 Nov;25(11):579-85)  

131. Kudsk KA, Mowatt-Larssen C, Bukar J, Fabian T, Oellerich S, Dent DL, Brown R.   Effect of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I and early total parenteral nutrition on immune depression following severe head injury.Arch Surg. 1994 Jan;129(1):66-70; discussion 70-1

132. Takada Y, Bando H, Miyamoto Y, Kosaka M, Sano T.  Effect of growth hormone on immune function in normal and hypophysectomised rats. Nippon Naibunpi Gakkai Zasshi. 1991 Oct 20;67(10):1162-77

133. Manfredi R, Tumietto F, Azzaroli L, Zucchini A, Chiodo F, Manfredi G.  Growth hormone (GH) and the immune system: impaired phagocytic function in children with idiopathic GH deficiency is corrected by treatment with biosynthetic GH. J Pediatr Endocrinol. 1994 Jul-Sep;7(3):245-51

134. Jardieu P, Clark R, Mortensen D, Dorshkind K.  In vivo administration of insulin-like growth factor-I stimulates primary B lymphopoiesis and enhances lymphocyte recovery after bone marrow transplantation. J Immunol. 1994 May 1;152(9):4320-7

135. Vara-Thorbeck R, Guerrero JA, Rosell J, Ruiz-Requena E, Capitan JM.  Exogenous growth hormone: effects on the catabolic response to surgically produced acute stress and on postoperative immune function. World J Surg. 1993 Jul-Aug;17(4):530-7; discussion 537-8

136. Edwards CK 3rd, Ghiasuddin SM, Yunger LM, Lorence RM, Arkins S, Dantzer R, Kelley KW.   In vivo administration of recombinant growth hormone or gamma interferon activities macrophages: enhanced resistance to experimental Salmonella typhimurium infection is correlated with generation of reactive oxygen intermediates. Infect Immun. 1992 Jun;60(6):2514-21.

137. Huang KF, Chung DH, Herndon DN.   Insulinlike growth factor 1 (IGF-1) reduces gut atrophy and bacterial translocation after severe burn injury. Arch Surg. 1993 Jan;128(1):47-53; discussion 53-4

Melatonin

138. Maestroni GJ.  Therapeutic potential of melatonin in immunodeficiency states, viral diseases, and cancer.  Adv Exp Med Biol  1999;467:217-26

139. Reiter RJ, Calvo JR, Karbownik M, Qi W, Tan DX.  Melatonin and its relation to the immune system and inflammation. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000;917:376-86.

140. Akbulut KG, Gonul B, Akbulut H.  The effects of melatonin on humoral immune responses of young and aged rats. Immunol Invest  2001 Feb;30(1):17-20

141. Knoferl MW, Jarrar D, Angele MK, Ayala A, Schwacha MG, Bland KI, Chaudry IH. Echinacea purpurea and melatonin augment natural-killer cells in leukemic mice and prolong life span Exp Gerontol  2001 Feb;36(2):311-26.

142. Maestroni GJ.  The immunotherapeutic potential of melatonin. Expert Opin Investig Drugs  2001 Mar;10(3):467-76

DHEA

143. Doldi N, Belvisi L, Bassan M, Fusi FM, Ferrari A. Premature ovarian failure: steroid synthesis and autoimmunity. Gynecol Endocrinol 1998;12(1):23-8

144. de la Torre B, von Krogh G, Svensson M, Holmberg V. Blood cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) levels and CD4 T cell counts in HIV infection., Clin Exp Rheumatol 1997;15(1):87-90

145. Fulop T Jr, Wagner JR, Khalil A, Weber J, Trottier L, Payette H. Relationship between the response to influenza vaccination and the nutritional status in institutionalized elderly subjects. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1999;54(2):M59-64

146. Christeff N, Nunez EA, Gougeon ML. Changes in cortisol/DHEA ratio in HIV-infected men are related to immunological and metabolic perturbations leading to malnutrition and lipodystrophy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2000;917:962-70

147. Jacobson MA, Fusaro RE, Galmarini M, Lang W. Decreased serum DHEA is associated with an increased progression of human immunodeficiency virus infection in men with CD4 cell counts of 200-499. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1991, 164: 864-8

148. Ferrando SJ, Rabkin JG, Poretsky L. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and testosterone: relation to HIV illness stage and progression over one year. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1999;22(2):146-54

149. Grinspoon S, Corcoran C, Miller K, Biller BM, Askari H, Wang E, Hubbard J, Anderson EJ, Basgoz N, Heller HM, Klibanski A. Body composition and endocrine function in women with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome wasting. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82(5):1332-7

150. Christeff N, Gherbi N, Mammes O, Dalle MT, Gharakhanian S, Lortholary O, Melchior JC, Nunez EA. Serum cortisol and DHEA concentrations during HIV infection. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1997;22 Suppl 1:S11-8

151. Laudat A, Blum L, Guechot J, Picard O, Cabane J, Imbert JC, Giboudeau J. Changes in systemic gonadal and adrenal steroids in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected men: relationship with the CD4 cell counts. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;133(4):418-24

152. Centurelli MA, Abate MA. The role of dehydroepiandrosterone in AIDS. Ann Pharmacother 1997;31(5):639-42

153. Rook GA, Hernandez-Pando R. Pathogenetic role, in human and murine tuberculosis, of changes in the peripheral metabolism of glucocorticoids and antiglucocorticoids. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1997;22 Suppl 1:S109-13

154. Mavoungou D, Lansoud-Soukate J, Dupont A. Steroid and gonadotropin hormone levels in young African women with filarial infection. J Steroid Biochem 1989;34(1-6):577-80

155. Parker CR Jr, Wendel GD. The effects of syphilis on endocrine function of the fetoplacental unit. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988;159(6):1327-31

DHEA treatment

156. Khorram O, Vu L, Yen SS., Activation of immune function by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in age-advanced men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1997;52(1):M1-7

157. Araneo B, Dowell T, Woods ML, Daynes R, Judd M, Evans T. DHEAS as an effective vaccine adjuvant in elderly humans. Proof-of-principle studies. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1995;774:232-48

158. Degelau J, Guay D, Hallgren H. The effect of DHEAS on influenza vaccination in aging adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 1997;45(6):747-51

159. Solerte SB, Fioravanti M, Schifino N, Cuzzoni G, Fontana I, Vignati G, Govoni S, Ferrari E. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate decreases the interleukin-2-mediated overactivity of the natural killer cell compartment in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 1999;10(1):21-7

160. Solerte SB, Fioranti M, Vignati G, Giustina A, Cravello L, Ferrari E,. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate enhances natural killer cell cytotoxitcity in humans via locally generated immunoractive insulin-like growth factor I. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999; 84 (9): 3260-7

161. Okabe T, Haji M, Takayanagi R, Adachi M, Imasaki K, Kurimoto F, Watanabe T, Nawata H.Up-regulation of high-affinity dehydroepiandrosterone binding activity by dehydroepiandrosterone in activated human T lymphocytes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995;80(10):2993-6

162. Henderson E, Schwartz A, Pashko L, Abou-Gharbia M, Swern D., Dehydroepiandrosterone and 16 alpha-bromo-epiandrosterone: inhibitors of Epstein-Barr virus-induced transformation of human lymphocytes. Carcinogenesis 1981;2(7):683-6

163. Diallo K, Loemba H, Oliveira M, Mavoungou DD, Wainberg MA Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) replication by immunor (IM28), a new analog of dehydroepiandrosterone. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2000;19(10-12):2019-24

164. Yang JY, Schwartz A, Henderson EE. Inhibition of 3'azido-3' deoxythymidine-resistant HIV-1 infection by DHEA in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Jun 30;201(3):1424-32

165. Yang JY, Schwartz A, Henderson EE. Inhibition of HIV-1 latency reactivation by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and an analog of DHEA. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1993;9(8):747-54

166. Weksler ME. Immune senescence and adrenal steroids: immune dysregulation and the action of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in old animals. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1993;45 Suppl 1:S21-3

167. Daynes RA, Dudley DJ, Araneo BA.Regulation of murine lymphokine production in vivo. II. Dehydroepiandrosterone is a natural enhancer of interleukin 2 synthesis by helper T cells. Eur J Immunol 1990;20(4):793-802

168. Yan CH, Jiang XF, Pei X, Dai YR. The in vitro antiapoptotic effect of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in mouse thymocytes and its relation to caspase-3/caspase-6., Cell Mol Life Sci 1999;56(5-6):543-7

169. Riley V, Fitzmaurice MA. DHEA and thymus integrity in the mouse. In: The biological role of DHEA, edited by Regelson W, Kalimi M, De Gruyter-Berlin, 1990: 131-155

168. Loria RM, Inge TH, Cook SS, Szakal AK, Regelson W. Protection against acute lethal viral infections with the native steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). J Med Virol 1988;26(3):301-14

170. Lucas JA, Ahmed SA, Casey ML, MacDonald PC.  Prevention of autoantibody formation and prolonged survival in New Zealand black/New Zealand white F1 mice fed dehydroisoandrosterone.  J Clin Invest. 1985;75(6):2091-3

172. Ben-Nathan D, Lustig S, Kobiler D, Danenberg HD, Lupu E, Feuerstein G., Dehydroepiandrosterone protects mice inoculated with West Nile virus and exposed to cold stress.  J Med Virol. 1992;38(3):159-66.

173. Ben-Nathan D, Lachmi B, Lustig S, Feuerstein G. Protection by dehydroepiandrosterone in mice infected with viral encephalitis.  Arch Virol. 1991;120(3-4):263-71

174. Padgett DA, Loria RM. In vitro potentiation of lymphocyte activation by DHEA, androstenediol and androstenetriol.  J of Immunology, 1994, 1544-1552

175. Carr DJ. Increased levels of IFN-gamma in the trigeminal ganglion correlate with protection against HSV-1-induced encephalitis following subcutaneous administration with androstenediol. J Neuroimmunol. 1998;89(1-2):160-7

176. Daigle J, Carr DJ. Androstenediol antagonizes herpes simplex virus type 1-induced encephalitis through the augmentation of type I IFN production., J Immunol. 1998;160(6):3060-6

177. Garg M, Bondada S. ReversaI of age-associated decline in immune response to Pnu-imune vaccine by supplementation with the steroid hormone DHEA. Infect Immun. 1993;61(5):2238-41

178. Kim HR, Ryu SY, Kim HS, Choi BM, Lee EJ, Kim HM, Chung HT. Administration of DHEA reverses the immune suppression induced by high dose antigen in mice. Immunol Invest. 1995;24(4):583-93

179. Danenberg HD, Ben-Yehuda A, Zakay-Rones Z, Friedman G. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) treatment reverses the impaired immune response of old mice to influenza vaccination and protects from influenza infection. Vaccine 1995;13(15):1445-8

180. Loria RM, Padgett DA, Huynh PN. Regulation of the immune response by dehydroepiandrosterone and its metabolites. J Endocrinol 1996;150 Suppl:S209-20

181. Bradley WG, Kraus LA, Good RA, Day NK. Dehydroepiandrosterone inhibits replication of feline immunodeficiency virus in chronically infected cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1995;46(1-2):159-68

182. Zhang Z, Araghi-Niknam M, Liang B, Inserra P, Ardestani SK, Jiang S, Chow S, Watson RR. Prevention of immune dysfunction and vitamin E loss by dehydroepiandrosterone and melatonin supplementation during murine retrovirus infection. Immunology 1999;96(2):291-7

183. Lee J, Sepulveda RT, Jiang S, Zhang Z, Inserra P, Zhang Y, Hosseini S, Watson RR. Immune dysfunction during alcohol consumption and murine AIDS: the protective role of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1999;23(5):856-62

184. Gianotti L, Alexander JW, Fukushima R, Pyles T. Steroid therapy can modulate gut barrier function, host defense, and survival in thermally injured mice. J Surg Res 1996;62(1):53-8

185. Ben-Nathan D, Padgett DA, Loria RM. Androstenediol and dehydroepiandrosterone protect mice against lethal bacterial infections and lipopolysaccharide toxicity. J Med Microbiol 1999;48(5):425-31

186. Oberbeck R, Dahlweid M, Koch R, van Griensven M, Emmendorfer A, Tscherne H, Pape HC. Dehydroepiandrosterone decreases mortality rate and improves cellular immune function during polymicrobial sepsis. Crit Care Med 2001;29(2):380-4

187. Hernandez-Pando R, De La Luz Streber M, Orozco H, Arriaga K, Pavon L, Al-Nakhli SA, Rook GA. The effects of androstenediol and dehydroepiandrosterone on the course and cytokine profile of tuberculosis in BALB/c mice. Immunology 1998;95(2):234-41

188. Rasmussen KR, Healey MC, Cheng L, Yang S. Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone in immunosuppressed adult mice infected with Cryptosporidium parvum. J Parasitol 1995;81(3):429-33

189. Yang BC, Liu CW, Chen YC, Yu CK. Exogenous dehydroepiandrosterone modified the expression of T helper-related cytokines in NZB/NZW F1 mice. Immunol Invest 1998;27(4-5):291-302

190. Norton SD, Harrison LL, Yowell R, Araneo BA.- Administration of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate retards onset but not progression of autoimmune disease in NZB/W mice. Autoimmunity. 1997;26(3):161-71

191. Araneo B, Daynes R. Dehydroepiandrosterone functions as more than an antiglucocorticoid in preserving immunocompetence after thermal injury. Endocrinology 1995;136(2):393-401

Cortisol

192. Rothwell PM, Udwadia ZF, Lawler PG. Cortisol response to corticotropin and survival in septic shock. Lancet. 1991 Mar 9;337(8741):582-3

193. Altemeier WA, Cole WR.  Nature and treatment of septic shock. AMA Arch Surg. 1958 Oct;77(4):498-507

194. Spink WW. Adrenocortical steroids in the management of selected patients with infectious diseases. Ann Intern Med. 1960 Jul;53:1-32

195. Cavanagh D, Clark PJ, McLeod AG.   Septic shock of endotoxin type. Some observations based on the management of 50 patients. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1968 Sep 1;102(1):13-20

196. Blair E, Wise A, Mackay AG.   Gram-negative bacteremic shock: mechanisms and management. JAMA. 1969 Jan 13;207(2):333-6

197. Motsay GJ, Alho A, Jaeger T, Dietzman RH, Lillehei RC.   Effects of corticosteroids on the circulation in shock: experimental and clinical results. Fed Proc. 1970 Nov-Dec;29(6):1861-73.

198. Christy JH.   Treatment of gram-negative shock. Am J Med. 1971 Jan;50(1):77-88

199. Hoffman SL, Punjabi NH, Kumala S, Moechtar MA, Pulungsih SP, Rivai AR, Rockhill RC, Woodward TE, Loedin AA. Reduction of mortality in chloramphenico-treated severe typhoid feverby high-dose dexamethasone. N Engl J Med. 1984; 31(2): 82-8

200. Briegel J, Kellermann W, Forst H, Haller M, Bittl M, Hoffmann GE, Buchler M, Uhl W, Peter K.Low-dose hydrocortisone infusion attenuates the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The Phospholipase A2 Study Group. Clin Investig  1994 Oct;72(10):782-7 

201. Annane D. Resurrection of steroids for sepsis resuscitation. Minerva Anestesiol. 2002 Apr;68(4):127-31

202. Seneca H, Grant JP Jr. .Glucocorticoid therapy in sepsis/shock caused by gram-negative microorganisms. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1975 Nov;23(11):493-502

Estrogens

203. Eriksen BC, Hunskar S. Urogenital estrogen deficiency syndrome. Investigation and treatment with special reference to hormone substitution.  Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1991 Oct 10;111(24):2949-5

204. Merkel SM, Alexander S, Zufall E, Oliver JD, Huet-Hudson YM. Essential role for estrogen in protection against Vibrio vulnificus-induced endotoxic shock. Infect Immun. 2001 Oct;69(10):6119-22

205. de Ruiz CS, Rey MR, de Ruiz Holgado AP, Nader-Macias ME. Experimental administration of estradiol on the colonization of lactobacillus fermentum and escherichia coli in the urogenital tract of mice. Biol Pharm Bull. 2001 Feb;24(2):127-34

206. Eriksen B. A randomized, open, parallel-group study on the preventive effect of an estradiol-releasing vaginal ring (Estring) on recurrent urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999 May;180(5):1072-9

Progesterone

207. Vassiliadou N, Tucker L, Anderson DJ. Progesterone-induced inhibition of chemokine receptor expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells correlates with reduced HIV-1 infectability in vitro. J Immunol. 1999 Jun 15;162(12):7510-8

Testosterone & other androgens

208. Nakazawa M, et al. Schistosoma mansoni: susceptibility differences between male and female mice can be mediated by testosterone during early infection. Exp Parasitol.  1997 Mar;85(3):233-40

209. Dalal M, Kim S, Voskuhl RR. Testosterone therapy ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis andinduces a T helper 2 bias in the autoantigen-specific T lymphocyte response. J Immunol.  1997 Jul 1;159(1):3-6

210. Buggage RR, Matteson DM, Shen de F, Sun B, Tuaillon N, Chan CC.Effect of sex hormones on experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). Immunol Invest.  2003 Nov;32(4):259-73

211. Laubach VE, Foley PL, Shockey KS, Tribble CG, Kron IL. Protective roles of nitric oxide and testosterone in endotoxemia: evidence from NOS-2-deficient mice. Am J Physiol. 1998 Dec;275(6 Pt 2):H2211-8

Limits to healthy cell proliferation

GH-IGF-1: IGF-1 is required for fibroblast replication in vitro

212. Clemmons DR, Van Wyk JJ. Somatomedin-C and platelet-derived growth factor stimulate human fibroblast replication. J Cell Physiol. 1981 Mar;106(3):361-7

213. van Osch GJ, van der Veen SW, Verwoerd-Verhoef HL. In vitro redifferentiation of culture-expanded rabbit and human auricular chondrocytes for cartilage reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001 Feb;107(2):433-40

Melatonin: increased the numbers of viable fibroblasts

214. Slominski A, Pisarchik A, Zbytek  in vtroB, Tobin DJ, Kauser S, Wortsman J. Functional activity of serotoninergic and melatoninergic systems expressed in the skin. J Cell Physiol. 2003 Jul;196(1):144-53

215. Carossino AM, Lombardi A, Matucci-Cerinic M, Pignone A, Cagnoni M. Effect of melatonin on normal and sclerodermic skin fibroblast proliferation. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1996 Sep-Oct;14(5):493-8

Thyroid

216. Ahsan MK, Urano Y, Kato S, Oura H, Arase S. Immunohistochemical localization of thyroid hormone nuclear receptors in human hair follicles and in vitro effect of L-triiodothyronine on cultured cells of hair follicles and skin. J Med Invest. 1998 Feb;44(3-4):179-84

Progesterone

217. Yu WD, Panossian V, Hatch JD, Liu SH, Finerman GA. Combined effects of estrogen and progesterone on the anterior cruciate ligament. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2001 Feb;(383):268-81

Estrogens

218. Tomaszewski J, Adamiak A, Skorupski P, Rzeski W, Rechberger T. Effect of 17 beta-estradiol and phytoestrogen daidzein on the proliferation of pubocervical fascia and skin fibroblasts derived from women suffering from stress urinary incontinence] Ginekol Pol. 2003 Oct;74(10):1410-4

219. Carta G, Continenza MA, Ricciardi G, Toro G, Porzio G, De Nuntiis M, Moscarini M.  Effects of estradiol on in vitro cultures of human fibroblasts. Minerva Ginecol. 1992 Jan-Feb;44(1-2):9-13

Estrogens & testosterone

220. Jung-Testas I, Baulieu EE. Effects of steroid hormones and antihormones in cultured cells. Exp Clin Endocrinol. 1985 Dec;86(2):151-64

Dihydrotestosterone

221. Coletta RD, Reynolds MA, Martelli-Junior H, Graner E, Almeida OP, Sauk JJ. Testosterone stimulates proliferation and inhibits interleukin-6 production of normal and hereditary gingival fibromatosis fibroblasts. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2002 Jun;17(3):186-92

 

Poor gene polymorphisms

 

GH

222. Dennison EM, Syddall HE, Rodriguez S, Voropanov A, Day IN, Cooper C; Southampton Genetic Epidemiology Research Group.Polymorphism in the growth hormone gene, weight in infancy, and adult bone mass. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Oct;89(10):4898-903

Calcitonin

223. Braga V, Sangalli A, Malerba G, Mottes M, Mirandola S, Gatti D, Rossini M, Zamboni M, Adami S. Relationship among VDR (BsmI and FokI), COLIA1, and CTR polymorphisms with bone mass, bone turnover markers, and sex hormones in men. Calcif Tissue Int. 2002 Jun;70(6):457-62

Melatonin

224. Wang GY, Lee CG, Lee EJ. Genetic variability of arylalkylamine-N-acetyl-transferase (AA-NAT) gene and human sleep/wake pattern. Chronobiol Int. 2004 Mar;21(2):229-37

Thyroid hormones

225. Hustad S, Nedrebo BG, Ueland PM, Schneede J, Vollset SE, Ulvik A, Lien EA. Phenotypic expression of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677C-->T polymorphism and flavin cofactor availability in thyroid dysfunction. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Oct;80(4):1050-7

226. Silva JM, Dominguez G, Gonzalez-Sancho JM, Garcia JM, Silva J, Garcia-Andrade C, Navarro A, Munoz A, Bonilla F. Expression of thyroid hormone receptor/erbA genes is altered in human breast cancer. Oncogene. 2002 Jun 20;21(27):4307-16

DHEA

227. Zietz B, Watzlawek E, Palitzsch KD, Scholmerich J, Schaffler A. GG-genotype in the promotor region of uncoupling-protein-1 gene is associated with lower level of dehydroepiandrosterone in type 2 diabetes. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2001;109(2):102-6

Cortisol-glucocorticoids

228. van Rossum EF, Lamberts SW. Polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor gene and their associations with metabolic parameters and body composition. Recent Prog Horm Res. 2004;59:333-57

229. Di Blasio AM, van Rossum EF, Maestrini S, Berselli ME, Tagliaferri M, Podesta F, Koper JW, Liuzzi A, Lamberts SW. The relation between two polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor gene and body mass index, blood pressure and cholesterol in obese patients. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2003 Jul;59(1):68-74

230. Bjorntorp P, Rosmond R. Hypothalamic origin of the metabolic syndrome X. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999 Nov 18;892:297-307

Aldosterone

231. Connell JM, Fraser R, MacKenzie SM, Friel EC, Ingram MC, Holloway CD, Davies E. The impact of polymorphisms in the gene encoding aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) on steroid synthesis and blood pressure regulation. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2004 Mar 31;217(1-2):243-7

Insulin

232. Nair S, Lee YH, Lindsay RS, Walker BR, Tataranni PA, Bogardus C, Baier LJ, Permana PA 11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase Type 1: genetic polymorphisms are associated with Type 2 diabetes in Pima Indians independently of obesity and expression in  adipocyte and muscle. Diabetologia. 2004 Jun;47(6):1088-95

Estrogens & Progesterone

233. Ferrero V, Ribichini F, Matullo G, Guarrera S, Carturan S, Vado A, Vassanelli C, Piazza A, Uslenghi E, Wijns W. Estrogen receptor-alpha polymorphisms and angiographic outcome after coronary artery stenting. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003 Dec;23(12):2223-8

234. Kristiansen OP, Nolsoe RL, Larsen L, Gjesing AM, Johannesen J, Larsen ZM, Lykkesfeldt AE, Karlsen AE, Pociot F, Mandrup-Poulsen T; DIEGG; DSGD. Association of a functional 17beta-estradiol sensitive IL6-174G/C promoter polymorphism with early-onset type 1 diabetes in females. Hum Mol Genet. 2003 May 15;12(10):1101-10

235. Somner J, McLellan S, Cheung J, Mak YT, Frost ML, Knapp KM, Wierzbicki AS, Wheeler M, Fogelman I, Ralston SH, Hampson GN. Polymorphisms in the P450 c17 (17-hydroxylase/17,20-Lyase) and P450 c19 (aromatase) genes: association with serum sex steroid concentrations and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jan;89(1):344-51

236. Brodowska A.  The influence of hormonal replacement therapy on bone density in postmenopausal women depending on polymorphism of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and estrogen receptor (ER) genes. Ann Acad Med Stetin. 2003;49:111-30

237. Scariano JK, Simplicio SG, Montoya GD, Garry PJ, Baumgartner RN. Estrogen receptor beta dinucleotide (CA) repeat polymorphism is significantly associated with bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int. 2004 Jun;74(6):501-8

238. Greb RR, Grieshaber K, Gromoll J, Sonntag B, Nieschlag E, Kiesel L, Simoni M. A common Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Exon 10 of the Human Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor is a Major Determinant of Length and Hormonal Dynamics of the Menstrual Cycle. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 May 10:10.1210/jc.2004-2268

239. Chacko P, Rajan B, Mathew BS, Joseph T, Pillai MR. CYP17 and SULT1A1 gene polymorphisms in Indian breast cancer. Breast Cancer. 2004;11(4):380-8

240. Taioli E, Bradlow HL, Garbers SV, Sepkovic DW, Osborne MP, Trachman J, Ganguly S, Garte SJ. Role of estradiol metabolism and CYP1A1 polymorphisms in breast cancer risk. Cancer Detect Prev. 1999;23(3):232-7

241. Duguay Y, McGrath M, Lepine J, Gagne JF, Hankinson SE, Colditz GA, Hunter DJ, Plante M, Tetu B, Belanger A, Guillemette C, De Vivo I. The functional UGT1A1 promoter polymorphism decreases endometrial cancer risk. Cancer Res. 2004 Feb 1;64(3):1202-7

242. Gennari L, Masi L, Merlotti D, Picariello L, Falchetti A, Tanini A, Mavilia C, Del Monte F, Gonnelli S, Lucani B, Gennari C, Brandi ML. A polymorphic CYP19 TTTA repeat influences aromatase activity and estrogen levels in elderly men: effects on bone metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jun;89(6):2803-10

243. Ongphiphadhanakul B, Rajatanavin R, Chanprasertyothin S, Piaseu N, Chailurkit L. Serum oestradiol and oestrogen-receptor gene polymorphism are associated with bone mineral density independently of serum testosterone in normal males. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1998 Dec;49(6):803-9

Testosterone

244. Alevizaki M, Cimponeriu AT, Garofallaki M, Sarika HL, Alevizaki CC, Papamichael C, Philippou G, Anastasiou EA, Lekakis JP, Mavrikakis M. The androgen receptor gene CAG polymorphism is associated with the severity of coronary artery disease in men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2003 Dec;59(6):749-55

 

Progressive telomere shortening

 

GHRH, GH, IGF-1

245. Kiaris H, Schally AV. Decrease in telomerase activity in U-87MG human glioblastomas after treatment with an antagonist of growth hormone-releasing hormone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Jan 5;96(1):226-31

Estradiol

246. Nanni S, Narducci M, Della Pietra L, Moretti F, Grasselli A, De Carli P, Sacchi A, Pontecorvi A, Farsetti A.  Signaling through estrogen receptors modulates telomerase activity in human prostate cancer. J Clin Invest. 2002;110 ( 2): 219-27

DEAD programs

 

Dead programs

 

247. Lesnikov VA, Pierpaoli W. Pineal cross-transplantation (old-to-young and vice versa) as evidence for an endogenous “aging clock”. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1994 May; 719: 456-60

 

SENESCENCE RESEMBLES HORMONE DEFICIENCIES

 

248. Baker GT III, Martin GR. Biological Aging and longevity: underlying mechanisms and potential interventions. J Aging Physical Activit.y. 1994; 2:304-28 (ref. for figure 2 according to its adaptation presented by Baker GT III, Martin GR. Molecular  and Biologic Factors in aging: the origins, causes, and prevention of senescence. In: Cassel CK, Cohen HJ, Larson EB, Meier DE, Resnick NM, Rubenstein LZ, Sorensen LB eds. Geriatric Medicine third ed., New-York,., Springer-Verlag,1997, 1 (1): 3-28:fig. 1.1)

249. Shock NW. Theoretical concepts governing gerontological research. In: Ingram DK, Baker GT III, Shock NW, eds. The potential for Nutritional Modulation of Aging Processes. Trumbull, CT: Food and Nutrition Press; 1991: 3-15 (ref. for figure 2 as adapted in Geriatric Medicine 1997)

250. Shock NW, Greulich RC, Andres R, et al. Normal Human Aging: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Publ. nà. 84-2450. Washington, DC: US Dept. HHS. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging; 1984 (ref. for figure 2 as adapted in Geriatric Medicine 1997)

 

Quality of life and fatigue: The associations with hormone levels

 

GH/IGF-1 levels

251. . Abs R, Bengtsson BA, Hernberg-Stahl E, Monson JP, Tauber JP, Wilton P, Wuster C. GH replacement in 1034 growth hormone deficient hypopituitary adults: demographic and clinical characteristics, dosing and safety. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)  1999 Jun;50(6):703-13

252. Murray RD, Skillicorn CJ, Howell SJ, Lissett CA, Rahim A, Shalet SM. Dose titration and patient selection increases the efficacy of GH replacement in severely GH deficient adults. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)  1999 Jun;50(6):749-57

treatm)

253. Murray RD, Darzy KH, Gleeson HK, Shalet SM. GH-deficient survivors of childhood cancer: GH replacement during adult life. J Clin Endocrinol Metab  2002 Jan;87(1):129-35

254. Murray RD, Skillicorn CJ, Howell SJ, Lissett CA, Rahim A, Smethurst LE, Shalet SM. Influences on quality of life in GH deficient adults and their effect on response to treatment. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)  1999 Nov;51(5):565-73

255. Ahmad AM, Hopkins MT, Thomas J, Ibrahim H, Fraser WD, Vora JP. Body composition and quality of life in adults with growth hormone deficiency; effects of low-dose growth hormone replacement. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)  2001 Jun;54(6):709-17

256. Davies JS, Obuobie K, Smith J, Rees DA, Furlong A, Davies N, Evans LM, Scanlon MF. A therapeutic trial of growth hormone in hypopituitary adults and its influence upon continued prescription by general practitioners. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)  2000 Mar;52(3):295-303 

257. McGauley GA  Quality of life assessment before and after growth hormone treatment in adults with growth hormone deficiency. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl  1989;356:70-2; discussion 73-4

258. Cuneo RC, Judd S, Wallace JD, Perry-Keene D, Burger H, Lim-Tio S, Strauss B, Stockigt J, Topliss D, Alford F, Hew L, Bode H, Conway A, Handelsman D, Dunn S, Boyages S, Cheung NW, Hurley D. The Australian Multicenter Trial of Growth Hormone (GH) Treatment in GH-Deficient Adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab  1998 Jan;83(1):107-16

259. Li Voon Chong JS, Benbow S, Foy P, Wallymahmed ME, Wile D, MacFarlane IA. Elderly people with hypothalamic-pituitary disease and growth hormone deficiency: lipid profiles, body composition and quality of life compared with control subjects. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)  2000 Nov;53(5):551-9

260. Moorkens G, Berwaerts J, Wynants H, Abs R. Characterization of pituitary function with emphasis on GH secretion in the chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)  2000 Jul;53(1):99-106

261. Wallymahmed ME, Baker GA, Humphris G, Dewey M, MacFarlane IA.  The development, reliability and validity of a disease specific quality of life model for adults with growth hormone deficiency. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)  1996 Apr;44(4):403-11

262. Lagrou K, Xhrouet-Heinrichs D, Massa G, Vandeweghe M, Bourguignon JP, De Schepper J, de Zegher F, Ernould C, Heinrichs C, Malvaux P, Craen M.  Quality of life and retrospective perception of the effect of growth hormone treatment in adult patients with childhood growth hormone deficiency. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab  2001;14 Suppl 5:1249-60; discussion 1261-2

263. Stabler B. Impact of growth hormone (GH) therapy on quality of life along the lifespan of GH-treated patients. Horm Res  2001;56 Suppl 1:55-8

264. Wiren L, Johannsson G, Bengtsson BA. A prospective investigation of quality of life and psychological well-being after the discontinuation of GH treatment in adolescent patients who had GH deficiency during childhood. J Clin Endocrinol Metab  2001 Aug;86(8):3494-8

265. Bjork S, Jonsson B, Westphal O, Levin JE. Quality of life of adults with growth hormone deficiency: a controlled study. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl  1989;356:55-9; discussion 60, 73-4

266. Bengtsson BA, Abs R, Bennmarker H, Monson JP, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Hernberg-Stahl E, Westberg B, Wilton P, Wuster C. The effects of treatment and the individual responsiveness to growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy in 665 GH-deficient adults. KIMS Study Group and the KIMS International Board.  J Clin Endocrinol Metab  1999 Nov;84(11):3929-35

267. Laron Z. Consequences of not treating children with laron syndrome (primary growth hormone insensitivity). J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab  2001;14 Suppl 5:1243-8; discussion 1261-2

268. Page RC, Hammersley MS, Burke CW, Wass JA.An account of the quality of life of patients after treatment for non-functioning pituitary tumours. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)  1997 Apr;46(4):401-6

Melatonin levels

269. Sterzl I, Fucikova T, Hrda P, Matucha P, Zamrazil V. The fatigue syndrome in autoimmune thyroiditis with polyglandular activation of autoimmunity. Vnitr Lek  1998 Aug;44(8):456-60

270. Wikner J, Hirsch U, Wetterberg L, Rojdmark S. Fibromyalgia--a syndrome associated with decreased nocturnal melatonin secretion. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)  1998 Aug;49(2):179-83

271. Fiorina P, Lattuada G, Silvestrini C, Ponari O, Dall'Aglio P. Disruption of nocturnal melatonin rhythm and immunological involvement in ischaemic stroke patients. Scand J Immunol  1999 Aug;50(2):228-31

272. Muller HL, Handwerker G, Wollny B, Faldum A, Sorensen N. Melatonin secretion and increased daytime sleepiness in childhood craniopharyngioma patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab  2002 Aug;87(8):3993-6 

Thyroid hormone levels

273. Kong WM, Sheikh MH, Lumb PJ, Naoumova RP, Freedman DB, Crook M, Dore CJ, Finer N, Naoumova P. A 6-month randomized trial of thyroxine treatment in women with mild subclinical hypothyroidism. Am J Med. 2002 Apr 1;112(5):348-54

274. Guimaraes V, DeGroot LJ. Moderate hypothyroidism in preparation for whole body 131I scintiscans and thyroglobulin testing. Thyroid. 1996 Apr;6(2):69-73

305. Heitman B, Irizarry A. Hypothyroidism: common complaints, perplexing diagnosis. Nurse Pract. 1995 Mar;20(3):54-60

276. Doucet J, Trivalle C, Chassagne P, Perol MB, Vuillermet P, Manchon ND, Menard,JF, Bercoff E. Does age play a role in clinical presentation of hypothyroidism? J Am Geriatr Soc. 1994 Sep;42(9):984-6  

277. De Lorenzo F, Xiao H, Mukherjee M, Harcup J, Suleiman S, Kadziola Z, Kakkar VV. Chronic fatigue syndrome: physical and cardiovascular deconditioning. QJM. 1998 Jul;91(7):475-81

DHEA levels

278. Morales AJ, Nolan JJ, Nelson JC, Yen SS. Effects of replacement dose of dehydroepiandrosterone in men and women of advancing age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994 Jun;78(6):1360-7

279. Arlt W, Callies F, Allolio B. DHEA replacement in women with adrenal insufficiency--pharmacokinetics, bioconversion and clinical effects on well-being, sexuality and cognition. Endocr Res. 2000;26(4):505-11

280. Cawood EH, Bancroft J. Steroid hormones, the menopause, sexuality and well-being of women. Psychol Med 1996 Sep;26(5):925-36

281. Rigaud AS, Pellerin J. Neuropsychic effects of dehydroepiandrosterone. Ann Med Interne (Paris) 2001 Apr;152 Suppl 3:IS43-9

282. Piketty C, Jayle D, Leplege A, Castiel P, Ecosse E, Gonzalez-Canali G, Sabatier B, Boulle N, Debuire B, Le Bouc Y, Baulieu EE, Kazatchkine MD. Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of oral dehydroepiandrosterone in patients with advanced HIV disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2001 Sep;55(3):325-30

Cortisol levels

283. Bouwer C, Claassen J, Dinans TG, Nemeroff CB. Prednisone augmentation in treatment-resistant depression with fatigue and hypocortisolaemia: a case series. Depress Anxiety  2000;12(1):44-50

284. Cleare AJ, Miell J, Heap E, Sookdeo S, Young L, Malhi GS, O'Keane V. Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction in chronic fatigue syndrome, and the effects of low-dose hydrocortisone therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab  2001 Aug;86(8):3545-54

285. Cleare AJ, Blair D, Chambers S, Wessely S. Urinary free cortisol in chronic fatigue syndrome. Am J Psychiatry  2001 Apr;158(4):641-3

286. van der Pompe G, Bernards N, Kavelaars A, Heijnen C. An exploratory study into the effect of exhausting bicycle exercise on endocrine and immune responses in post-menopausal women: relationships between vigour and plasma cortisol concentrations and lymphocyte proliferation following exercise. Int J Sports Med  2001 Aug;22(6):447-53 

287. Akerstedt T, Palmblad J, de la Torre B, Marana R, Gillberg M. Adrenocortical and gonadal steroids during sleep deprivation. Sleep  1980;3(1):23-30

288. Tsopanakis C, Tsopanakis A. Stress hormonal factors, fatigue, and antioxidant responses to prolonged speed driving. Pharmacol Biochem Behav  1998 Jul;60(3):747-51 

289. Bianchi GP, Grossi G, Bargossi AM. May peripheral and central fatigue be correlated? Can we monitor them by means of clinical laboratory tools? J Sports Med Phys Fitness  1997 Sep;37(3):194-9 

290. Pruessner JC, Hellhammer DH, Kirschbaum C. Burnout, perceived stress, and cortisol responses to awakening. Psychosom Med  1999 Mar-Apr;61(2):197-204

291. Nicolson NA, van Diest R. Salivary cortisol patterns in vital exhaustion. J Psychosom Res  2000 Nov;49(5):335-42

292. MacHale SM, Cavanagh JT, Bennie J, Carroll S, Goodwin GM, Lawrie SM. Diurnal variation of adrenocortical activity in chronic fatigue syndrome. Neuropsychobiology  1998 Nov;38(4):213-7 

293. Bower JE, Ganz PA, Aziz N, Fahey JL.  Fatigue and proinflammatory cytokine activity in breast cancer survivors. Psychosom Med  2002 Jul-Aug;64(4):604-11

294. Subramanian S, Goker H, Kanji A, Sweeney H. Clinical adrenal insufficiency in patients receiving megestrol therapy. Arch Intern Med  1997 May 12;157(9):1008-11

295. Dore MX, de La Blanchardiere A, Lesprit P, David F, Beressi JP, Fiet J, Sicard D, Decazes JM. [Peripheral adrenal insufficiency in AIDS. Rev Med Interne  1998 Jan;19(1):23-8 

296. Piedrola G, Casado JL, Lopez E, Moreno A, Perez-Elias MJ, Garcia-Robles R. Clinical features of adrenal insufficiency in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)  1996 Jul;45(1):97-101

297. Albeaux-Fernet M, Bugard P, Romani JD. Excretion of urinary corticoids in conditions of chronic asthenia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1957 Apr;17(4):519-33
298. Demitrack MA, Dale JK, Straus SE, Laue L, Listwak SJ, Kruesi MJ, Chrousos GP, Gold PW. Evidence for impaired activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991 Dec;73(6):1224-34

299. Cleare AJ, Bearn J, Allain T, McGregor A, Wessely S, Murray RM, O'Keane V. Contrasting neuroendocrine responses in depression and chronic fatigue syndrome. J Affect Disord  1995 Aug 18;34(4):283-9

300. Strickland P, Morriss R, Wearden A, Deakin B. A comparison of salivary cortisol in chronic fatigue syndrome, community depression and healthy controls. J Affect Disord  1998 Jan;47(1-3):191-4 

301. Scott LV, Dinans TG. Urinary free cortisol excretion in chronic fatigue syndrome, major depression and in healthy volunteers. J Affect Disord  1998 Jan;47(1-3):49-54 

302 . Bearn J, Allain T, Coskeran P, Munro N, Butler J, McGregor A, Wessely S. Neuroendocrine responses to d-fenfluramine and insulin-induced hypoglycemia in chronic fatigue syndrome. Biol Psychiatry  1995 Feb 15;37(4):245-52 

303. Scott LV, Medbak S, Dinans TG. The low dose ACTH test in chronic fatigue syndrome and in health. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)  1998 Jun;48(6):733-7 

304. Scott LV, Medbak S, Dinans TG. Desmopressin augments pituitary-adrenal responsivity to corticotropin-releasing hormone in subjects with chronic fatigue syndrome and in healthy volunteers. Biol Psychiatry  1999 Jun 1;45(11):1447-54

305. Altemus M, Dale JK, Michelson D, Demitrack MA, Gold PW, Straus SE. Abnormalities in response to vasopressin infusion in chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychoneuroendocrinology  2001 Feb;26(2):175-88 

306. Gaab J, Huster D, Peisen R, Engert V, Schad T, Schurmeyer TH, Ehlert U. Low-dose dexamethasone suppression test in chronic fatigue syndrome and health. Psychosom Med  2002 Mar-Apr;64(2):311-8 

307. Parker AJ, Wessely S, Cleare AJ. The neuroendocrinology of chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. Psychol Med  2001 Nov;31(8):1331-45

Estrogen levels

308. . Studer DW. Clinical symptoms of estrogen deficiency in Estrogen Deficiency: causes & consequence, 1996, Ed. RW Staw, The Parthenon Publishing Group, New-York, USA

309. Freedman MA. Quality of life and menopause: the role of estrogen. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2002 Oct;11(8):703-18

310. Carette S, Dessureault M, Belanger A. Fibromyalgia and sex hormones. J Rheumatol. 1992 May;19(5):831

Testosterone levels

Men:

311. Wang C, Alexander G, Berman N, Salehian B, Davidson T, McDonald V, Steiner B, Hull L, Callegari C, Swerdloff RS.Testosterone replacement therapy improves mood in hypogonadal men--a clinical research center study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996 Oct;81(10):3578-83

312. Seidman SN, Araujo AB, Roose SP, Devanand DP, Xie S, Cooper TB, McKinlay JB. Low testosterone levels in elderly men with dysthymic disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2002 Mar;159(3):456-9 

313. Salminen E, Portin R, Korpela J, Backman H, Parvinen LM, Helenius H, Nurmi M. Androgen deprivation and cognition in prostate cancer. Br J Cancer. 2003 Sep 15;89(6):971-6.

314. van Andel G, Kurth KH. The impact of androgen deprivation therapy on health related quality of life in asymptomatic men with lymph node positive prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2003 Aug;44(2):209-14

315. Pether M, Goldenberg SL, Bhagirath K, Gleave M. Intermittent androgen suppression in prostate cancer: an update of the Vancouver experience. Can J Urol. 2003 Apr;10(2):1809-14

316. Segal RJ, Reid RD, Courneya KS, Malone SC, Parliament MB, Scott CG, Venner PM, Quinney HA, Jones LW, D'Angelo ME, Wells GA. Resistance exercise in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2003 May 1;21(9):1653-9.  

317. Potosky AL, Reeve BB, Clegg LX, Hoffman RM, Stephenson RA, Albertsen PC, Gilliland FD, Stanford JL.Quality of life following localized prostate cancer treated initially with androgen deprivation therapy or no therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002 Mar 20;94(6):430-7

318. Fowler FJ Jr, McNaughton Collins M, Walker Corkery E, Elliott DB, Barry MJ. The impact of androgen deprivation on quality of life after radical prostatectomy for prostate carcinoma. Cancer. 2002 Jul 15;95(2):287-95

319. Lubeck DP, Grossfeld GD, Carroll PR.The effect of androgen deprivation therapy on health-related quality of life in men with prostate cancer. Urology. 2001 Aug;58(2 Suppl 1):94-100  

320. Herr HW, O'Sullivan M. Quality of life of asymptomatic men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy. J Urol. 2000 Jun;163(6):1743-6

321. van Kemenade JF, Cohen-Kettenis PT, Cohen L, Gooren LJ. Effects of the pure antiandrogen RU 23.903 (anandron) on sexuality, aggression, and mood in male-to-female transsexuals. Arch Sex Behav. 1989 Jun;18(3):217-28

322. Novak A, Brod M, Elbers J. Andropause and quality of life: findings from patient focus groups and clinical experts. Maturitas. 2002 Dec 10;43(4):231-7

Women :

323. Abrahamsson L, Hackl H, Lindstrom B, Sogn J.  Long-term treatment of virilized women with cyproterone acetate. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1981 Sep 18;93(17):552-6.

 

Depression: The association with hormone levels

GH/IGF-1 levels

324.  Jarrett DB, Miewald JM, Kupfer DJ.  Recurrent depression is associated with a persistent reduction in sleep-related growth hormone secretion. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1990 Feb;47(2):113-8

325. Jarrett DB, Kupfer DJ, Miewald JM, Grochocinski VJ, Franz B.   Sleep-related growth hormone secretion is persistently suppressed in women with recurrent depression: a preliminary longitudinal analysis. J Psychiatr Res. 1994 May-Jun;28(3):211-23)

326. Rubin RT, Poland RE, Lesser IM.  Neuroendocrine aspects of primary endogenous depression. X: Serum growth hormone measures in patients and matched control subjects. Biol Psychiatry. 1990 May 15;27(10):1065-82

327. Schilkrut R, Chandra O, Osswald M, Ruther E, Baafusser B, Matussek.  Growth hormone release during sleep and with thermal stimulation in depressed patients. Neuropsychobiology. 1975;1(2):70-9

328. Barry S, Dinan TG.  Neuroendocrine challenge tests in depression: a study of growth hormone, TRH and cortisol release. J Affect Disord. 1990 Apr;18(4):229-34

329. Dinan TG, Barry S.  Responses of growth hormone to desipramine in endogenous and non-endogenous depression. Br J Psychiatry. 1990 May;156:680-4

330. Voderholzer U, Laakmann G, Wittmann R, Daffner-Bujia C, Hinz A, Haag C, Baghai T.   Profiles of spontaneous 24-hour and stimulated growth hormone secretion in male patients with endogenous depression. Psychiatry Res. 1993 Jun;47(3):215-27

331. Harro J, Rimm H, Harro M, Grauberg M, Karelson K, Viru AM. Association of depressiveness with blunted growth hormone response to maximal physical exercise in young healthy men. Psychoneuroendocrinology  1999 Jul;24(5):505-17

332. Greden JF. Biological markers of melancholia and reclassification of depressive disorders. Encephale  1982;8(2):193-202

333. McMillan CV, Bradley C, Gibney J, Healy ML, Russell-Jones DL, Sonksen PH. Psychological effects of withdrawal of growth hormone therapy from adults with growth hormone deficiency. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2003 Oct;59(4):467-75

Melatonin levels

334. Fountoulakis KN, Karamouzis M, Iacovides A, Nimatoudis J, Diakogiannis J, Kaprinis G, Demitriadou A, Bech P. Morning and evening plasma melatonin and dexamethasone suppression test in patients with nonseasonal major depressive disorder from northern Greece (latitude 40-41.5 degrees ). Neuropsychobiology  2001;44(3):113-7

335. Frazer A, Brown R, Kocsis J, Caroff S, Amsterdam J, Winokur A, Sweeney J, Stokes P.Patterns of melatonin rhythms in depression. J Neural Transm Suppl  1986;21:269-90

336. McIntyre IM, Judd FK, Norman TR, Burrows GD. Plasma melatonin concentrations in depression. Aust N Z J Psychiatry  1986 Sep;20(3):381-3

337. Steiner M, Brown GM, Goldman S. Nocturnal melatonin and cortisol secretion in newly admitted psychiatric inpatients. Implications for affective disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci  1990;240(1):21-7

338. Bozhko GKh, Tsaritsinskii VI, Kostiukovskaia LS, Kulabukhov VM. The effect of an increased intensity of light on changes in the serotonin and melatonin content in patients with depression. Lik Sprava  1994 Jul-Aug;(7-8):88-90

339. Brown R, Kocsis JH, Caroff S, Amsterdam J, Winokur A, Stokes PE, Frazer A. Differences in nocturnal melatonin secretion between melancholic depressed patients and control subjects. Am J Psychiatry  1985 Jul;142(7):811-6

340. Chazot G, Claustrat B, Brun J, Borson F, Dalery J. Melatonin. Chronobiologic peripheral endocrine index in depressive states. Encephale  1985 May-Jun;11(3):113-6

341. Nair NP, Hariharasubramanian N, Pilapil C. Circadian rhythm of plasma melatonin in endogenous depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry  1984;8(4-6):715-8

342. Claustrat B, hazot G, Brun J, Jordan D, Sassolas G. A chronobiological study of melatonin and cortisol secretion in depressed subjects: plasma melatonin, a biochemical marker in major depression. Biol Psychiatry  1984 Aug;19(8):1215-28

343. Souetre E, Salvati E, Belugou JL, Pringuey D, Candito M, Krebs B, Ardisson JL, Darcourt G.Circadian rhythms in depression and recovery: evidence for blunted amplitude as the main chronobiological abnormality. Psychiatry Res  1989 Jun;28(3):263-78

344. Brown RP, Kocsis JH, Caroff S, Amsterdam J, Winokur A, Stokes P, Frazer A. Depressed mood and reality disturbance correlate with decreased nocturnal melatonin in depressed patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand  1987 Sep;76(3):272-5

345. Hariharasubramanian N, Nair NP, Pilapil C, Isaac I, Quirion R. Effect of imipramine on the circadian rhythm of plasma melatonin in unipolar depression. Chronobiol Int. 1986; 3 (1): 65-9

346. Beck-Friis J, Kjellman BF, Aperia B, Unden F, von Rosen D, Ljunggren JG, Wetterberg L.Serum melatonin in relation to clinical variables in patients with major depressive disorder and a hypothesis of a low melatonin syndrome. Acta Psychiatr Scand  1985 Apr;71(4):319-30

347. Beck-Friis J, von Rosen D, Kjellman BF, Ljunggren JG, Wetterberg L. Melatonin in relation to body measures, sex, age, season and the use of drugs in patients with major affective disorders and healthy subjects. Psychoneuroendocrinology  1984;9(3):261-77

Thyroid hormone levels

348. Pop VJ, Maartens LH, Leusink G, van Son MJ, Knottnerus AA, Ward AM, Metcalfe R, Weetman AP.   Are autoimmune thyroid dysfunction and depression related? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Sep;83(9):3194-7

349. Haggerty JJ Jr, Stern RA, Mason GA, Beckwith J, Morey CE, Prange AJ Jr. Subclinical hypothyroidism: a modifiable risk factor for depression? Am J Psychiatry. 1993 Mar;150(3):508-10

350. Gold MS, Pottash AL, Extein I. "Symptomless" autoimmune thyroiditis in depression. Psychiatry Res. 1982 Jun;6(3):261-9.

351. O'Shanick GJ, Ellinwood EH Jr.   Persistent elevation of thyroid-stimulating hormone in women with bipolar affective disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1982 Apr;139(4):513-4.

352. Howland RH.   Thyroid dysfunction in refractory depression: implications for pathophysiology and treatment. J Clin Psychiatry. 1993 Feb;54(2):47-54

353. Kirkegaard C, Norlem N, Lauridsen UB, Bjorum N, Christiansen C.   Protirelin stimulation test and thyroid function during treatment of depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1975 Sep;32(9):1115-8.

354. Bauer MS, Whybrow PC, Winokur A.   Rapid cycling bipolar affective disorder. I. Association with grade I hypothyroidism. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1990 May;47(5):427-32.

355. Haggerty JJ Jr, Evans DL, Golden RN, Pedersen CA, Simon JS, Nemeroff CB..  The presence of antithyroid antibodies in patients with affective and nonaffective psychiatric disorders. Biol Psychiatry. 1990 Jan 1;27(1):51-60

356. Cole DP, Thase ME, Mallinger AG, Soares JC, Luther JF, Kupfer DJ, Frank E. Slower treatment response in bipolar depression predicted by lower pre-treatment thyroid function. Am J Psychiatry. 2002 Jan;159(1):116-21

Time to recurrence of major depression was inversely related to T(3) levels but not to T(4) levels 

357. Joffe RT, Marriott M. Thyroid hormone levels and recurrence of major depression. Am J Psychiatry. 2000 Oct;157(10):1689-91

DHEA levels

358. Arlt W, Callies F, van Vlijmen JC, Koehler I, Reincke M, Bidlingmaier M, Huebler D, Oettel M, Ernst M, Schulte HM, Allolio B. Dehydroepiandrosterone replacement in women with adrenal insufficiency. N Engl J Med. 1999;341(14):1013-20

359. Johannsson G, Burman P, Wiren L, Engstrom BE, Nilsson AG, Ottosson M, Jonsson B, Bengtsson BA, Karlsson FA Low dose dehydroepiandrosterone affects behavior in hypopituitary androgen-deficient women: a placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002 May;87(5):2046-52

360. Nagata C, Shimizu H, Takami R, Hayashi M, Takeda N, Yasuda K. Serum concentrations of estradiol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and soy product intake in relation to psychologic well-being in peri- and postmenopausal Japanese women. Metabolism. 2000;49(12):1561-4

361. Yaffe K, Ettinger B, Pressman A, Seeley D, Whooley M, Schaefer C, Cummings S. Neuropsychiatric function and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in elderly women: a prospective study. Biol Psychiatry. 1998;43(9):694-700

362. Goodyer IM, Herbert J, Altham PM, Pearson J, Secher SM, Shiers HM. Adrenal secretion during major depression in 8- to 16-year-olds, I. Altered diurnal rhythms in salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) at presentation. Psychol Med. 1996;26(2):245-56

363. Buckwalter JG, Stanczyk FZ, McCleary CA, Bluestein BW, Buckwalter DK, Rankin KP, Chang L, Goodwin TM. Pregnancy, the postpartum, and steroid hormones: effects on cognition and mood. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1999;24(1):69-84

364. Heinz A, Weingartner H, George D, Hommer D, Wolkowitz OM, Linnoila M. Severity of depression in abstinent alcoholics is associated with monoamine metabolites and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate concentrations. Psychiatry Res. 199920;89(2):97-106

365. Berr C, Lafont S, Debuire B, Dartigues JF, Baulieu EE. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in the elderly with functional, psychological, and mental status, and short-term mortality: a French community-based study. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996;93(23):13410-5

366. Barrett-Connor E, von Muhlen D, Laughlin GA, Kripke A. Endogenous levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, but not other sex hormones, are associated with depressed mood in older women: the Rancho Bernardo Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1999;47(6):685-91

367. Goodyer IM, Herbert J, Altham PM. Adrenal steroid secretion and major depression in 8- to 16-year-olds, III. Influence of cortisol/DHEA ratio at presentation on subsequent rates of disappointing life events and persistent major depression. Psychol Med. 1998;28(2):265-73

368. Herbert J. Neurosteroids, brain damage, and mental illness. Exp Gerontol. 1998;33(7-8):713-27

369. Fava M, Littman A, Lamon-Fava S, Milani R, Shera D, MacLaughlin R, Cassem E,Leaf A, Marchio B, Bolognesi E, et al. Psychological, behavioral and biochemical risk factors for coronary artery disease among American and Italian male corporate managers. Am J Cardiol 1992;70(18):1412-6

Cortisol levels

370. Scott LV, Dinan TG. Urinary free cortisol excretion in chronic fatigue syndrome, major depression and in healthy volunteers. J Affect Disord  1998 Jan;47(1-3):49-54 

371. Yerevanian BI, Woolf PD, Iker HP. Plasma ACTH levels in depression before and after recovery: relationship to the dexamethasone suppression test. Psychiatry Res. 1983 Nov;10(3):175-81

372. Yehuda R, Boisoneau D, Mason JW, Giller EL. Glucocorticoid receptor number and cortisol excretion in mood, anxiety, and psychotic disorders. Biol Psychiatry. 1993 Jul 1-15;34(1-2):18-25

Estrogen levels

373. Almeida OP, Lautenschlager N, Vasikaram S, Leedman P, Flicker L. Association between physiological serum concentration of estrogen and the mental health of community-dwelling postmenopausal women age 70 years and over. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2005 Feb;13(2):142-9

Testosterone levels

374. Barrett-Connor E, Von Muhlen DG, Kritz-Silverstein D. Bioavailable testosterone and depressed mood in older men: the Rancho Bernardo Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Feb;84(2):573-7

375. Werner AA. The male climateric JAMA. 1946; 132 (4) : 188-94

376. Steiger A, von Bardeleben U, Wiedemann K, Holsboer F. Sleep EEG and nocturnal secretion of testosterone and cortisol in patients with major endogenous depression during acute phase and after remission. J Psychiatr Res. 1991;25(4):169-77

377. Unden F, Ljunggren JG, Beck-Friis J, Kjellman BF, Wetterberg L. Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in major depressive disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand  1988 Aug;78(2):138-46

 

Memory loss and Alzheimer’s disease: The associations with hormone levels

 

GH/IGF-1 levels

378. Rollero A, Murialdo G, Fonzi S, Garrone S, Gianelli MV, Gazzerro E, Barreca A, Polleri A.   Relaionship between cognitive function, growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I plasma levels in aged subjects. Neuropsychobiology. 1998;38(2):73-9

379. van Dam PS, de Winter CF, de Vries R, van der Grond J, Drent ML, Lijffijt M, Kenemans JL, Aleman A, de Haan EH, Koppeschaar HP.   Childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency, cognitive function and brain N-acetylaspartate. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2005 May;30(4):357-63

Melatonin levels

380. Mishima K, Okawa M, Hishikawa Y, Hozumi S, Hori H, Takahashi K.   Morning bright light therapy for sleep and behavior disorders in elderly patients with dementia. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1994 Jan;89(1):1-7

381. Tohgi H, Abe T, Takahashi S, Kimura M, Takahashi J, Kikuchi T. Concentrations of serotonin and its related substances in the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with Alzheimer type dementia. Neurosci Lett. 1992 Jul 6;141(1):9-12

382. Luboshitzky R, Shen-Orr Z, Tzischichinsky O, Maldonado M, Herer P, Lavie P. Actigraphic sleep-wake patterns and  urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin excretion in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Chronobiol Int  2001 May;18(3):513-24 

383. Ozcankaya R, Delibas N. Malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, melatonin, iron, copper, and zinc blood concentrations  in patients with Alzheimer disease: cross-sectional study. Croat Med J  2002 Feb;43(1):28-32

Thyroid hormone levels

384. Nakanishi T. Consideration on serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) concentration and T3/T4 ratio in the patients of senile dementia--is it possible to prevent cerebro-vascular dementia? Igaku Kenkyu. 1990 Feb;60(1):18-25.

385. Ichibangase A, Nishikawa M, Iwasaka T, Kobayashi T, Inada M.   Relation between thyroid and cardiac functions and the geriatric rating scale. Acta Neurol Scand. 1990 Jun;81(6):491-8

386. Molchan SE, Lawlor BA, Hill JL, Mellow AM, Davis CL, Martinez R, Sunderland T.  The TRH stimulation test in Alzheimer's disease and major depression: relationship to clinical and CSF measures. Biol Psychiatry. 1991 Sep 15;30(6):567-76

387. Burmeister LA, Ganguli M, Dodge HH, Toczek T, DeKosky ST, Nebes RD. Hypothyroidism and cognition: preliminary evidence for a specific defect in memory. Thyroid. 2001 Dec;11(12):1177-85

388. Monzani F, Pruneti CA, De Negri F, Simoncini M, Neri S, Di Bello V, Baracchini Muratorio G, Baschieri L.  Preclinical hypothyroidism: early involvement of memory function, behavioural responsiveness and myocardial contractility. Minerva Endocrinol. 1991 Jul-Sep;16(3):113-8

Pregnenolone levels

389. Weill-Engerer S, David JP, Sazdovitch V, Liere P, Eychenne B, Pianos A, Schumacher M, Delacourte A, Baulieu EE, Akwa Y.   Neurosteroid quantification in human brain regions: comparison between Alzheimer's and nondemented patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Nov;87(11):5138-43

390. Baulieu EE. . The decrease in the hippocampus of the neurosteroid pregnenolone sulfate is involved in memory deficit in the aged animal. C R Acad Sci III. 1998 Feb-Mar;321(2-3):223-7

391. Vallee M, Mayo W, Darnaudery M, Corpechot C, Young J, Koehl M, Le Moal M, Baulieu EE, Robel P, Simon H.   Neurosteroids: deficient cognitive performance in aged rats depends on low pregnenolone sulfate levels in the hippocampus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Dec 23;94(26):14865-70

DHEA levels

392. Sunderland T, Merril CR, Harrington MG, Lawlor BA, Molchan SE, Martinez R, Murphy DL. Reduced plasma dehydroepiandrosterone concentrations in Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 1989;2(8662):570

393. Roberts E, Fitten LS. DHEA in Alzheimer patients. In: The biological role of DHEA, edited by Regelson W., Kalimi M, De Gruyter-Berlin, 1990: 43-63

Estrogen levels

394. Hoff AL, Kremen WS, Wieneke MH, Lauriello J, Blankfeld HM, Faustman WO, Csernansky JG, Nordahl TE. Association of estrogen levels with neuropsychological performance in women with schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry  2001 Jul;158(7):1134-9

395. Kampen DL, Sherwin BB. Estradiol is related to visual memory in healthy young men. Behav Neurosci. 1996 Jun;110(3):613-7

Testosterone levels

396. Tan RS. Memory loss as a reported symptom of andropause. Arch Androl  2001 Nov-Dec;47(3):185-9

397. Tan RS, Pu SJ. The andropause and memory loss: is there a link between androgen decline and dementia in the aging male? Asian J Androl. 2001 Sep;3(3):169-74

398. Alexander GM, Swerdloff RS, Wang C, Davidson T, McDonald V, Steiner B, Hines M. Androgen-behavior correlations in hypogonadal men and eugonadal men. II. Cognitive abilities. Horm Behav  1998 Apr;33(2):85-94

399. Almeida OP, Waterreus A, Spry N, Flicker L, Martins RN. One year follow-up study of the association between chemical castration, sex hormones, beta-amyloid, memory and depression in men. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2004 Sep;29(8):1071-81

400.  Morley JE, Kaiser F, Raum WJ, Perry HM 3rd, Flood JF, Jensen J, Silver AJ, Roberts E.   Potentially predictive and manipulable blood serum correlates of aging in the healthy human male: progressive decreases in bioavailable testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and the ratio of insulin-like growth factor 1 to growth hormone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Jul 8;94(14):7537-42

 

Sleep: The associations with hormone levels

 

GH/IGF-1 levels

401.  Astrom C, Lindholm J. Growth hormone-deficient young adults have decreased deep sleep. Neuroendocrinology. 1990 Jan;51(1):82-4

Melatonin levels

TRIPLE (sleep levels p 29) , (obesity levels p 38) (obezity treatment p 75)

402. Blaicher W, Speck E, Imhof MH, Gruber DM, Schneeberger C, Sator MO, Huber JC. Melatonin in postmenopausal females. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2000 Feb;263(3):116-8

403. Riemann D, Klein T, Rodenbeck A, Feige B, Horny A, Hummel R, Weske G, Al-Shajlawi A, Voderholzer U. Nocturnal cortisol and melatonin secretion in primary insomnia. Psychiatry Res  2002 Dec 15;113(1-2):17-27

404. Rodenbeck A, Huether G, Ruther E, Hajak G. Nocturnal melatonin secretion and its modification by treatment in patients with sleep disorders. Adv Exp Med Biol  1999;467:89-93

405. Hajak G, Rodenbeck A, Staedt J, Bandelow B, Huether G, Ruther E. Nocturnal plasma melatonin levels in patients suffering from chronic primary insomnia. J Pineal Res  1995 Oct;19(3):116-22

406. Hansen T, Bratlid T, Lingjarde O, Brenn T. Midwinter insomnia in the subarctic region: evening levels of serum melatonin and cortisol before and after treatment with bright artificial light. Acta Psychiatr Scand  1987 Apr;75(4):428-34

Cortisol levels

407. Spath-Schwalbe E, Scholler T, Kern W, Fehm HL, Born J.   Nocturnal adrenocorticotropin and cortisol secretion depends on sleep duration and decreases in association with spontaneous awakening in the morning. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992 Dec;75(6):1431-5

Estrogen levels

408. Hollander LE, Freeman EW, Sammel MD, Berlin JA, Grisso JA, Battistini M.  Sleep quality, estradiol levels, and behavioral factors in late reproductive age women. Obstet Gynecol. 2001 Sep;98(3):391-7

 

Loss of sexual drive, sensitivity and potency: The associations with hormone levels

 

GH levels

409. Becker AJ, Uckert S, Stief CG, Scheller F, Knapp WH, Hartmann U, Brabant G, Jonas U.   Serum levels of human growth hormone during different penile conditions in the cavernous and systemic blood of healthy men and patients with erectile dysfunction. Urology. 2002 Apr;59(4):609-14

410. Huang X, Li S, Hu L.  Growth hormone deficiency and age-related erectile dysfunction. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2004 Nov;10(11):867

DHEA levels

411. Munarriz R, Talakoub L, Flaherty E, Gioia M, Hoag L, Kim NN, Traish A, Goldstein I, Guay A, Spark R. Androgen replacement therapy with dehydroepiandrosterone for androgen insufficiency and female sexual dysfunction: androgen and questionnaire results. J Sex Marital Ther 2002;28 Suppl 1:165-73

412. Reiter WJ, Pycha A, Schatzl G, Klingler HC, Mark I, Auterith A, Marberger M. Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations in men with erectile dysfunction. Urology. 2000;55(5):755-8

Estrogen levels

413. Carani C, Rochira V, Faustini-Fustini M, Balestrieri A, Granata AR. Role of oestrogen in male sexual behaviour: insights from the natural model of aromatase deficiency. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1999 Oct;51(4):517-24

414. Cutler WB, Garcia CR, McCoy N. Perimenopausal sexuality. Arch Sex Behav 1987 Jun;16(3):225-34

Testosterone levels

415. Jannini EA, Screponi E, Carosa E, Pepe M, Lo Giudice F, Trimarchi F, Benvenga S. Lack of sexual activity from erectile dysfunction is associated with a reversible reduction in serum testosterone. Int J Androl 1999 Dec;22(6):385-92

416. Rakic Z, Starcevic V, Starcevic VP, Marinkovic J. Testosterone treatment in men with erectile disorder and low levels of total testosterone in serum. Arch Sex Behav 1997 Oct;26(5):495-504

417. Guay AT. Decreased testosterone in regularly menstruating women with decreased libido: a clinical observation. J Sex Marital Ther. 2001 ;27(5):513-9.

418. Persky H, Lief HI, Strauss D, Miller WR, O'Brien CP. Plasma testosterone level and sexual behavior of couples. Arch Sex Behav 1978 May;7(3):157-73

419. Aversa A, Isidori AM, De Martino MU, Caprio M, Fabbrini E, Rocchietti-March M, Frajese G, Fabbri A. Androgens and penile erection: evidence for a direct relationship between free testosterone and cavernous vasodilation in men with erectile dysfunction. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2000 Oct;53(4):517-22

420. Younes AK. Low plasma testosterone in varicocele patients with impotence and male infertility. Arch Androl 2000 Nov-Dec;45(3):187-95

421. Hirshkowitz M, Moore CA, O'Connor S, Bellamy M, Cunningham GR. Androgen and sleep-related erections. J Psychosom Res 1997 Jun;42(6):541-6

 

Hypercholesterolemia: The associations with hormone levels

 

GH/IGF-1 levels

422. Abdu TA, Neary R, Elhadd TA, Akber M, Clayton RN. Coronary risk in growth hormone deficient hypopituitary adults: increased predicted risk is due largely to lipid profile abnormalities. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)  2001 Aug;55(2):209-16 

423. Landin-Wilhelmsen K, Wilhelmsen L, Lappas G, Rosen T, Lindstedt G, Lundberg PA, Bengtsson BA.   Serum insulin-like growth factor I in a random population sample of men and women: relation to age, sex, smoking habits, coffee consumption and physical activity, blood pressure and concentrations of plasma lipids, fibrinogen, parathyroid hormone and osteocalcin. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1994 Sep;41(3):351-7

424. Sanmarti A, Lucas A, Hawkins F, Webb SM, Ulied A. Observational study in adult hypopituitary patients with untreated growth hormone deficiency (ODA study). Socio-economic impact and health status. Collaborative ODA (Observational GH Deficiency in Adults) Group. Eur J Endocrinol. 1999 Nov;141(5):481- 9

425. Colao A, di Somma C, Pivonello R, Cuocolo A, Spinelli L, Bonaduce D, Salvatore M, Lombardi G. The cardiovascular risk of adult GH deficiency (GHD) improved after GH replacement and worsened in untreated GHD: a 12-month prospective study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Mar;87(3):1088-93

Melatonin levels

426. Sandyk R, Awerbuch GI. The relationship between melatonin secretion and serum cholesterol in patients with multiple sclerosis. Int J Neurosci  1994 May;76(1-2):81-6

Thyroid hormone levels

427. Elder J, McLelland A, O'Reilly DS, Packard CJ, Series JJ, Shepherd J.   The relationship between serum cholesterol and serum thyrotropin, thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine concentrations in suspected hypothyroidism. Ann Clin Biochem. 1990 Mar;27 ( Pt 2):110-3

DHEA levels

428. Nagata C, Takatsuka N, Kabuto M, Shimizu H.  Association of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate with serum HDL-cholesterol concentrations in post-menopausal Japanese women. Maturitas. 1998 Nov 30;31(1):21-7

Okamoto K.  Distribution of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and relationships between its level and serum lipid levels in a rural Japanese population.  J Epidemiol. 1998;8(5):285-91.

429. Okamoto K. “Relationship between dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and serum lipid levels in Japanese men.” J Epidemiol. 1996;6(2):63-7.

Estrogen levels

430. Lamon-Fava S, Barnett JB, Woods MN, McCormack C, McNamara JR, Schaefer EJ, Longcope C, Rosner B, Gorbach SL.   Differences in serum sex hormone and plasma lipid levels in caucasian and african-american premenopausal women J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Aug;90(8):4516-20

Testosterone levels

431. Barrett-Connor E. Lower endogenous androgen levels and dyslipidemia in men with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med 1992 Nov 15;117(10):807-11

432. Gutai J, LaPorte R, Kuller L, Dai W, Falvo-Gerard L, Caggiula A.   Plasma testosterone, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and other lipoprotein fractions. Am J Cardiol. 1981 Nov;48(5):897-902.

433. Khaw KT, Barrett-Connor E.   Endogenous sex hormones, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and other lipoprotein fractions in men. Arterioscler Thromb. 1991 ; 11(3): 489-94

434. Freedman DS, O'Brien TR, Flanders WD, DeStefano F, Barboriak JJ.   Relation of serum testosterone levels to high density lipoprotein cholesterol and other characteristics in men.Arterioscler Thromb. 1991 Mar-Apr;11(2):307-15

435. Hamalainen E, Tikkanen H, Harkonen M, Naveri H, Adlercreutz H.  Serum lipoproteins, sex hormones and sex hormone binding globulin in middle-aged men of different physical fitness and risk of coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis. 1987 Oct;67(2-3):155-62

 

Atherosclerosis: The association with hormone levels

 

GH/IGF-1 levels

436. Pfeifer M, Verhovec R, Zizek B, Prezelj J, Poredos P, Clayton RN.  Growth hormone (GH) treatment reverses early atherosclerotic changes in GH-deficient adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Feb;84(2):453-7

437. Capaldo B, Patti L, Oliviero U, Longobardi S, Pardo F, Vitale F, Fazio S, Di Rella F, Biondi B, Lombardi G, Sacca L.  Increased arterial intima-media thickness in childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 May;82(5):1378-81

Melatonin levels

438. Dominguez-Rodriguez A, Abreu-Gonzalez P, Garcia MJ, Sanchez J, Marrero F, de Armas-Trujillo D.Decreased nocturnal melatonin levels during acute myocardial infarction. J Pineal Res  2002 Nov;33(4):248-52

439. Girotti L, Lago M, Ianovsky O, Carbajales J, Elizari MV, Brusco LI, Cardinali DP.Low urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin levels in patients with coronary artery disease. J Pineal Res  2000 Oct;29(3):138-42

Thyroid hormone levels

440. Imaizumi M, Akahoshi M, Ichimaru S, Nakashima E, Hida A, Soda M, Usa T, Ashizawa K, Yokoyama N, Maeda R, Nagataki S, Eguchi K. Risk for ischemic heart disease and all-cause mortality in subclinical hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jul;89(7):3365-70

Double p 31 (atheroscl levels) & p 69 (atheroscl treatm)

441. Myasnikov AL, Myasnikov LA, Zaitzev VF. The influence of thyroid hormones on cholesterol metabolism in experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits. J Atheroscler Res. 1963 Jul-Aug;37:295-300

DHEA levels

442. Bernini GP, Sgro' M, Moretti A, Argenio GF, Barlascini CO, Cristofani R, Salvetti A. Endogenous androgens and carotid intimal-medial thickness in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999 Jun;84(6):2008-12

443. Herrington DM. Dehydroepiandrosterone and coronary atherosclerosis Ann N Y Acad Sci 1995;774:271-80

444. Porsova-Dutoit I, Sulcova J, Starka L. Do DHEA/DHEAS play a protective role in coronary heart disease? Physiol Res 2000;49 Suppl 1:S43-56

445. Kask E.  17-Ketosteroids and arteriosclerosis. Angiology. 1959 Oct;10:358-68

Insulin levels

446. Espinola-Klein C, Rupprecht HJ, Blankenberg S, Bickel C, Fossmeyer U, Kopp H, Victor A, Peetz D, Lackner K. Influence of impaired fasting glucose on the incidence and prognosis of atherosclerosis in various vascular regions. Z Kardiol. 2004;93 Suppl 4:IV48-55

Estrogen levels

DOUBLE abvec atherosclerosis

447. Bernini GP, Moretti A, Sgro M, Argenio GF, Barlascini CO, Cristofani R, Salvetti A. Influence of endogenous androgens on carotid wall in postmenopausal women.  Menopause. 2001 Jan-Feb;8(1):43-50

448. Smith JC, Bennett S, Evans LM, Kynaston HG, Parmar M, Mason MD, Cockcroft JR, Scanlon MF, Davies JS. The effects of induced hypogonadism on arterial stiffness, body composition, and metabolic parameters in males with prostate cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Sep;86(9):4261-7

Testosterone levels

449. Winkler UH. Effects of androgens on haemostasis. Maturitas. 1996 Jul;24(3):147-55

450. Glueck CJ, Glueck HI, Stroop D, Speirs J, Hamer T, Tracy T. Endogenous testosterone, fibrinolysis, and coronary heart disease risk in hyperlipidemic men. J Lab Clin Med. 1993 Oct;122(4):412-20

451. Bonithon-Kopp C, Scarabin PY, Bara L, Castanier M, Jacqueson A, Roger M. Relationship between sex hormones and haemostatic factors in healthy middle-aged men. Atherosclerosis. 1988 May;71(1):71-6

 

Arterial hypertension: The association with hormone levels

 

GH / IGF-1 levels

Melatonin levels

452. Rapoport SI, Shatalova AM, Malinovskaia NK, Vettenberg L. Melatonin production in hypertensive patients. Klin Med (Mosk)  2000;78(6):21-4

453. Rapoport SI, Shatalova AM, Oraevskii VN, Malinovskaia NK, Vetterberg L. Melatonin production in hypertonic patients during magnetic storms. Ter Arkh  2001;73(12):29-33

454. Tetsuo M, Polinsky RJ, Markey SP, Kopin IJ. Urinary 6-hydroxymelatonin excretion in patients with orthostatic hypotension. J Clin Endocrinol Metab  1981 Sep;53(3):607-10

Thyroid hormone levels

455. Biondi B, Klein I. Hypothyroidism as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Endocrine. 2004 Jun;24(1):1-13

456. Streeten DH, Anderson GH Jr, Howland T, Chiang R, Smulyan H. Effects of thyroid function on blood pressure. Recognition of hypothyroid hypertension. Hypertension. 1988 Jan;11(1):78-83

457. Fommei E, Iervasi G. The role of thyroid hormone in blood pressure homeostasis: evidence from short-term hypothyroidism in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 May;87(5):1996-2000

458. Saito I, Ito K, Saruta T. Hypothyroidism as a cause of hypertension. Hypertension. 1983 Jan-Feb;5(1):112-5

DHEA levels

459. Johannes CB, Stellato RK, Feldman HA, Longcope C, McKinlay JB.   Relation of dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate with cardiovascular disease risk factors in women: longitudinal results from the Massachusetts Women's Health Study. J Clin Epidemiol. 1999 Feb;52(2):95-103

460. Nowaczynski W, Fragachan F, Silah J, Millette B, Genest J. Further evidence of altered adrenocortical function in hypertension. Dehydroepiandrosterone excretion rate. Can J Biochem 1968;46(9):1031-8

461. Okamoto K, Yagyu K, Sasaki R. The relationship between serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels and factors associated with cardiovascular diseases: a cross-sectional study in Japan. Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 1995;42(2):78-83

462. Legrain S, Berr C, Frenoy N, Gourlet V, Debuire B, Baulieu EE. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in a long-term care aged population. Gerontology. 1995;41(6):343-51

463. Suzuki M, Kanazawa A, Hasegawa M, Hattori Y, Harano Y. A close association between insulin resistance and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in subjects with essential hypertension. Endocr J. 1999;46(4):521-8

464. Maccario M, Mazza E, Ramunni J, Oleandri SE, Savio P, Grottoli S, Rossetto R, Procopio M, Gauna C, Ghigo E. Relationships between dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate and anthropometric, metabolic and hormonal variables in a large cohort of obese women., Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1999;50(5):595-600

465. Barna I, Feher T, de Chatel R. Relationship between blood pressure variability and serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels. Am J Hypertens. 1998 May;11(5):532-8

Estrogen levels

466. Harrison-Bernard LM, Schulman IH, Raij L.  Postovariectomy hypertension is linked to increased renal AT1 receptor and salt sensitivity. Hypertension. 2003 Dec;42(6):1157-63

467. Clark JT, Chakraborty-Chatterjee M, Hamblin M, Wyss JM, Fentie IH. Estrogen depletion differentially affects blood pressure depending on age in Long-Evans rats. Endocrine. 2004 Nov;25(2):173-86.

468. Peng N, Clark JT, Wei CC, Wyss JM. Estrogen depletion increases blood pressure and hypothalamic norepinephrine in middle-aged spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension. 2003 May;41(5):1164-7

Testosterone levels

469. Hughes GS, Ringer TV, Watts KC, DeLoof MJ, Francom SF, Spillers CR.   Fish oil produces an atherogenic lipid profile in hypertensive men. Atherosclerosis. 1990 Oct;84(2-3):229-37

470. Tuev AV, Lunegova NV.  Several indicators of hormonal homeostasis (hypophysis--gonads) in patients with hypertension. Ross Med Zh. 1992;(3):10-3

471. Phillips GB, Jing TY, Resnick LM, Barbagallo M, Laragh JH, Sealey JE.   Sex hormones and hemostatic risk factors for coronary heart disease in men with hypertension. J Hypertens. 1993 Jul;11(7):699-702

 

Cardiac disease: The association with hormone levels

 

GH-IGF-1 levels

472. Conti E, Andreotti F, Sciahbasi A, Riccardi P, Marra G, Menini E, Ghirlanda G, Maseri A. Markedly reduced insulin-like growth factor-1 in the acute phase of myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001 Jul;38(1):26-32

Melatonin levels

473. Marktl W, Brugger P, Herold M. Melatonin and coronary heart disease] Wien Klin Wochenschr  1997 Oct 3;109(18):747-9

474. Brugger P, Marktl W, Herold M. Impaired nocturnal secretion of melatonin in coronary heart disease. Lancet  1995 Jun 3;345(8962):1408

475. Sakotnik A, Liebmann PM, Stoschitzky K, Lercher P, Schauenstein K, Klein W, Eber B.Decreased melatonin synthesis in patients with coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J  1999 Sep;20(18):1314-7

476. Altun A, Yaprak M, Aktoz M, Vardar A, Betul UA, Ozbay G. Impaired nocturnal synthesis of melatonin in patients with cardiac syndrome X. Neurosci Lett  2002 Jul 19;327(2):143-5

Thyroid hormone levels

477. Miura S, Iitaka M, Suzuki S, Fukasawa N, Kitahama S, Kawakami Y, Sakatsume Y, Yamanaka K, Kawasaki S, Kinoshita S, Katayama S, Shibosawa T, Ishii J.Decrease in serum levels of thyroid hormone in patients with coronary heart disease. Endocr J. 1996 Dec;43(6):657-63

DHEA levels

478. Barrett-Connor E, Khaw KT, Yen SS.  A prospective study of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, mortality, and cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 1986 Dec 11;315(24):1519-24

479. Feldman HA, Johannes CB, McKinlay JB, Longcope C.   Low dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and heart disease in middle-aged men: cross-sectional results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. Ann Epidemiol. 1998 May;8(4):217-28

480. Jansson JH, Nilsson TK, Johnson O.  von Willebrand factor, tissue plasminogen activator, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate predict cardiovascular death in a 10 year follow up of survivors of acute myocardial infarction. Heart. 1998 Oct;80(4):334-7

481. Kreze A Jr, Juricekova I, Dobakova M, Putz Z, Kovar F.  Dehydrdoepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosteron-sulfate and insulin in acute myocardial infarct. Vnitr Lek. 2000 Dec;46(12):835-8

482. Mitchell LE, Sprecher DL, Borecki IB, Rice T, Laskarzewski PM, Rao DC.  Evidence for an association between dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and nonfatal, premature myocardial infarction in males. Circulation. 1994 Jan;89(1):89-93

483. Slowinska-Srzednicka J, Zgliczynski S, Ciswicka-Sznajderman M, Srzednicki M, Soszynski P, Biernacka M, Woroszylska M, Ruzyllo W, Sadowski Z.   Decreased plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and dihydrotestosterone concentrations in young men after myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis. 1989 Oct;79(2-3):197-203

Estradiol levels

484. Hanke H, Hanke S, Ickrath O, Lange K, Bruck B, Muck AO, Seeger H, Zwirner M, Voisard R, Haasis R, Hombach V. “Estradiol concentrations in premenopausal women with coronary heart disease.” Coron Artery Dis. 1997 Aug-Sep;8(8-9):511-5

Testosterone levels

485. Alexandersen P, Haarbo J, Christiansen C.  The relationship of natural androgens to coronary heart disease in males: a review. Atherosclerosis. 1996 Aug 23;125(1):1-13

486. Phillips GB, Pinkernell BH, Jing TY. The association of hypotestosteronemia with coronary artery disease in men. Arterioscler Thromb. 1994 May;14(5):701-6

 

Stroke and other cerebrovascular disorders: The association with hormone levels

 

GH levels

487. Rudman D, Nagraj HS, Mattson DE, Jackson DL, Rudman IW, Boswell J, Pucci DC.  Hyposomatomedinemia in the men of a Veterans Administration Nursing Home:prevalence and correlates.Gerontology. 1987;33(5):307-14

Melatonin levels

488. Kilic E, Ozdemir YG, Bolay H, Kelestimur H, Dalkara T. Pinealectomy aggravates and melatonin administration attenuates brain damage in focal ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab  1999 May;19(5):511-6 

489. Regrigny O, Dupuis F, Atkinson J, Liminana P, Scalbert E, Delagrange P, Chillon JM.Cerebral arteriolar structure and function in pinealectomized rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol  2001 Oct ;281(4) :H1476-80

490. Skaper SD, Floreani M, Ceccon M, Facci L, Giusti P. Excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and the neuroprotective potential of melatonin. Ann N Y Acad Sci  1999;890:107-18

Thyroid hormone levels

491. Hu R. Changes in serum thyroid hormones in acute cerebrovascular apoplexy and their clinical significance. Zhonghua Shen Jing Jing Shen Ke Za Zhi. 1990 Apr;23(2):87-9, 126

492. Benvenga S, Morgante L, Bartalena L, Manna L, Li Calzi L, Coraci MA,

Trimarchi F.   Serum thyroid hormones and thyroid hormone binding proteins in patients with completed stroke. Ann Clin Res. 1986;18(4):203-7

DHEA levels

493. Beer NA, Jakubowicz DJ, Matt DW, Beer RM, Nestler JE.   Dehydroepiandrosterone reduces plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and tissue plasminogen activator antigen in men. Am J Med Sci. 1996 May;311(5):205-10

Insulin levels

494. Ho JE, Paultre F, Mosca L. Is diabetes mellitus a cardiovascular disease risk equivalent for fatal stroke in women? Data from the women’s pooling project. Stroke. 2003; 34: 2812–2816

Estrogen levels

495. Tsuda K, Nishio I. Hyperinsulinemia and estrogen-deficiency as risk factors for stroke in women. Stroke. 2004 Jun;35(6):e134

496. Pines A, Bornstein NM, Shapira I. Menopause and ischaemic stroke: basic, clinical and epidemiological considerations. The role of hormone replacement. Hum Reprod Update. 2002 Mar-Apr;8(2):161-8

Testosterone levels

497. Jeppesen LL, Jorgensen HS, Nakayama H, Raaschou HO, Olsen TS, Winther K.   Decreased serum testosterone in men with acute ischemic stroke. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1996 Jun;16(6):749-54

 

Obesity: The association with hormone levels

 

GH levels

498. Beshyah SA, Freemantle C, Thomas E, Rutherford O, Page B, Murphy M, Johnston DG. Abnormal body composition and reduced bone mass in growth hormone deficient hypopituitary adults. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)  1995 Feb;42(2):179-89

499. Attanasio AF, Bates PC, Ho KK, Webb SM, Ross RJ, Strasburger CJ, Bouillon R, Crowe B, Selander K, Valle D, Lamberts SW; Hypoptiuitary Control and Complications Study International Advisory Board. Human growth hormone replacement in adult hypopituitary patients: long-term effects on body composition and lipid status--3-year results from the HypoCCS Database. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Apr;87(4):1600-6 

500. Stouthart PJ, de Ridder CM, Rekers-Mombarg LT, van der Waal HA. Changes in body composition during 12 months after discontinuation of growth hormone therapy in young adults with growth hormone deficiency from childhood. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab  1999 Apr;12 Suppl 1:335-8 

501. Biller BM, Sesmilo G, Baum HB, Hayden D, Schoenfeld D, Klibanski A. Withdrawal of long-term physiological growth hormone (GH) administration: differential effects on bone density and body composition in men withadult-onset GH deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab  2000 Mar;85(3):970-6 

502. Kohno H, Ueyama N, Honda S. Unfavourable impact of growth hormone (GH) discontinuation on body composition and cholesterol profiles after the completion of height growth in GH-deficient young adults. Diabetes Obes Metab  1999 Sep;1(5):293-6 

503. Kuromaru R, Kohno H, Ueyama N, Hassan HM, Honda S, Hara T. Long-term prospective study of body composition and lipid profiles during and after growth hormone (GH) treatment in children with GH deficiency: gender-specific metabolic effects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab  1998 Nov;83(11):3890-6 

504. Vahl N, Juul A, Jorgensen JO, Orskov H, Skakkebaek NE, Christiansen JS.  Continuation of growth hormone (GH) replacement in GH-deficient patients during transition from childhood to adulthood: a two-year placebo-controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab  2000 May;85(5):1874-81

505. Norrelund H, Vahl N, Juul A, Moller N, Alberti KG, Skakkebaek NE, Christiansen JS, Jorgensen JO. Continuation of growth hormone (GH) therapy in GH-deficient patients during transition from childhood to adulthood: impact on insulin sensitivity and substrate metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab  2000 May;85(5):1912-7

506. Johannsson G. What happens when growth hormone is discontinued at completion of growth? Metabolic aspects. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab  2000;13 Suppl 6:1321-6

Melatonin levels

507. Blaicher W, Imhof MH, Gruber DM, Schneeberger C, Sator MO, Huber JC. Endocrinological disorders. Focusing on melatonin's interactions. Gynecol Obstet Invest  1999;48(3):179-82

508. Birketvedt GS, Florholmen J, Sundsfjord J, Osterud B, Dinges D, Bilker W, Stunkard A. Behavioral and neuroendocrine characteristics of the night-eating syndrome. JAMA  1999 Aug 18;282(7):657-63

509. Ostrowska Z, Zwirska-Korczala K, Buntner B, Pardela M, Drozdz M. Association of body mass and body fat distribution with serum melatonin levels in obese women either non-operated or after jejunoileostomy. Endocr Regul  1996 Mar;30(1):33-40

Thyroid hormone levels

510. Resta O, Pannacciulli N, Di Gioia G, Stefano A, Barbaro MP, De Pergola G. High prevalence of previously unknown subclinical hypothyroidism in obese patients referred to a sleep clinic for sleep disordered breathing. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2004 Oct;14(5):248-53

511. Jung CH, Sung KC, Shin HS, Rhee EJ, Lee WY, Kim BS, Kang JH, Kim H, Kim SW, Lee MH, Park JR, Kim SW. Thyroid dysfunction and their relation to cardiovascular risk factors such as lipid profile, hsCRP, and waist hip ratio in Korea. Korean J Intern Med. 2003 Sep;18(3):146-53

512. Rimm AA, Werner LH, Yserloo BV, Bernstein RA. Relationship of ovesity and disease in 73,532 weight-conscious women. Public Health Rep. 1975 Jan-Feb;90(1):44-54

DHEA levels

513. Diamond P, Cusan L, Gomez JL, Belanger A, Labrie F. Metabolic effects of 12-month percutaneous dehydroepiandrosterone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. J Endocrinol. 1996;150 Suppl:S43-50

514. Herranz L, Megia A, Grande C, Gonzalez-Gancedo P, Pallardo F. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, body fat distribution and insulin in obese men. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1995;19(1):57-60

515. De Pergola G, Zamboni M, Sciaraffia M, Turcato E, Pannacciulli N, Armellini F, Giorgino F, Perrini S, Bosello O, Giorgino R.  Body fat accumulation is possibly responsible for lower dehydroepiandrosterone circulating levels in premenopausal obese women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1996 Dec;20(12):1105-10

516. De Pergola G, Giagulli VA, Garruti G, Cospite MR, Giorgino F, Cignarelli M, Giorgino R.   Low dehydroepiandrosterone circulating levels in premenopausal obese women with very high body mass index. Metabolism. 1991 Feb;40(2):187-90

517. De Pergola G. The adipose tissue metabolism: role of testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000 Jun;24 Suppl 2:S59-63

Estrogen levels

518. Tchernof A, Poehlman ET, Despres JP. Body fat distribution, the menopause transition, and hormone replacement therapy. Diabetes Metab. 2000 Feb;26(1):12-20

519. Carr MC. The emergence of the metabolic syndrome with menopause. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Jun;88(6):2404-11

Testosterone levels

520. Tibblin G, Adlerberth A, Lindstedt G, Bjorntorp P. The pituitary-gonadal axis and health in elderly men: a study of men born in 1913. Diabetes. 1996 Nov;45(11):1605-9 

521. Abate N, Haffner SM, Garg A, Peshock RM, Grundy SM. Sex steroid hormones, upper body obesity, and insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Oct;87(10):4522-7

 

Diabetes: The association with hormone levels

 

GH levels

522.  Nam SY, Kim KR, Cha BS, Song YD, Lim SK, Lee HC, Huh KB. Low-dose growth hormone treatment combined with diet restriction decreases insulin resistance by reducing visceral fat and increasing muscle mass in obese type 2 diabetic patients. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001 Aug;25(8):1101-7

Melatonin levels

523. O'Brien IA, Lewin IG, O'Hare JP, Arendt J, Corrall RJ. Abnormal circadian rhythm of melatonin in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)  1986 Apr;24(4):359-64

Thyroid hormone levels

524. Perros P, McCrimmon RJ, Shaw G, Frier BM. Frequency of thyroid dysfunction in diabetic patients: value of annual screening. Diabet Med. 1995 Jul;12(7):622-7

525. Alvarez-Marfany M, Roman SH, Drexler AJ, Robertson C, Stagnaro-Green A. Long-term prospective study of postpartum thyroid dysfunction in women with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994 Jul;79(1):10-6

DHEA levels

526. Yamaguchi Y, Tanaka S, Yamakawa T, Kimura M, Ukawa K, Yamada Y, Ishihara M, Sekihara H. Reduced serum dehydroepiandrosterone levels in diabetic patients with hyperinsulinaemia. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1998;49(3):377-83

527. Barrett-Connor E, Ferrara A. Dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, obesity, waist-hip ratio, and noninsulin-dependent diabetes in postmenopausal women: the Rancho Bernardo Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81(1):59-64

Estrogen levels

528. Garris DR.   The effects of estradiol and progesterone on reproductive tract atrophy and tissue adrenergic indices in diabetic C57BL/KsJ mice. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1990 Jan;193(1):39-45

529. Gorodeski GI. Impact of the menopause on the epidemiology and risk factors of coronary artery heart disease in women. Exp Gerontol. 1994 May-Aug;29(3-4):357-75

530. Kahn SE, Andrikopoulos S, Verchere CB, Wang F, Hull RL, Vidal J. Oophorectomy promotes islet amyloid formation in a transgenic mouse model of Type II diabetes. Diabetologia. 2000 Oct;43(10):1309-12

Testosterone

531. Andersson B, Marin P, Lissner L, Vermeulen A, Bjorntorp P.Testosterone concentrations in women and men with NIDDM. Diabetes Care. 1994 May;17(5):405-11 

532. Goodman-Gruen D, Barrett-Connor E. Sex differences in the association of endogenous sex hormone levels and glucose tolerance status in older men and women. Diabetes Care. 2000 Jul;23(7):912-8

533. Corrales JJ, Burgo RM, Garca-Berrocal B, Almeida M, Alberca I, Gonzalez-Buitrago JM, Orfao A, Miralles JM. Partial androgen deficiency in aging type 2 diabetic men and its relationship to glycemic control.  Metabolism. 2004 May;53(5):666-72

534. Jansson PA, Eliasson B, Lindmark S, Eriksson JW. Endocrine abnormalities in healthy first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes patients--potential role of steroid hormones and leptin in the development of insulin resistance. Eur J Clin Invest. 2002 Mar;32(3):172-8
535. Pei D, Sheu WH, Jeng CY, Liao WK, Fuh MM. Insulin resistance in patients with Klinefelter's syndrome and idiopathic gonadotropin deficiency. J Formos Med Assoc. 1998 Aug;97(8):534-40

 

Rheumatism: The association with hormone levels

 

GH/ IGF-1 levels

536. Neidel J. “Changes in systemic levels of insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.” Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jan-Feb;19(1):81-4.

Thyroid hormone levels

537. Herrmann F, Hambsch K, Sorger D, Hantzschel H, Muller P, Nagel I. Low T3 syndrome and chronic inflammatory rheumatism.  Z Gesamte Inn Med. 1989 Sep 1;44(17):513-8

538. Shiroky JB, Cohen M, Ballachey ML, Neville C. Thyroid dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis: a controlled prospective survey. Ann Rheum Dis. 1993 Jun;52(6):454-6

539. Neeck G, Riedel W. Thyroid function in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. J Rheumatol. 1992 Jul;19(7):1120-2

540. Magaro M, Zoli A, Altomonte L, Mirone L, La Sala L, Barini A, Scuderi F. The association of silent thyroiditis with active systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1992 Jan-Feb;10(1):67-70

DHEA levels

541. Hedman M, Nilsson E, de la Torre B. Low blood and synovial fluid levels of sulpho-conjugated steroids in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1992 Jan-Feb;10(1):25-30

542. Heikkila R, Aho K, Heliovaara M, Knekt P, Reunanen A, Aromaa A, Leino A, Palosuo T.  Serum androgen-anabolic hormones and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1998 May;57(5):281-5

543. Masi AT.  Sex hormones and rheumatoid arthritis: cause or effect relationships in a complex pathophysiology?  Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1995 Mar-Apr;13(2):227-40

544. Cutolo M, Giusti M, Foppiani L, Seriolo B, Briata M, Bisso A, Faelli F, Felli L, Prete C, Pizzorni C, Sulli A. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical and gonadal axis function in rheumatoid arthritis. Z Rheumatol. 2000;59 Suppl 2:II/65-9

545. Dessein PH, Joffe BI, Stanwix AE, Moomal Z.  Hyposecretion of the adrenal androgen dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and its relation to clinical variables in inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis Res. 2001;3(3):183-8

546. Cutolo M, Villaggio B, Foppiani L, Briata M, Sulli A, Pizzorni C, Faelli F, Prete C, Felli L, Seriolo B, Giusti M.  The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and gonadal axes in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000;917:835-43

547. Straub RH, Zeuner M, Lock G, Scholmerich J, Lang B.   High prolactin and low dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate serum levels in patients with severe systemic sclerosis. Br J Rheumatol. 1997 Apr;36(4):426-32

548. Dessein PH, Shipton EA, Joffe BI, Hadebe DP, Stanwix AE, Van der Merwe BA. Hyposecretion of adrenal androgens and the relation of serum adrenal steroids, serotonin and insulin-like growth factor-1 to clinical features in women with fibromyalgia. Pain. 1999;83(2):313-9

Estrogens levels

Interestingly, cortical BMD was decreased by arthritis but was not affected by hormonal status

549. Jochems C, Islander U, Erlandsson M, Verdrengh M, Ohlsson C, Carlsten H. Osteoporosis in experimental postmenopausal polyarthritis: the relative contributions of estrogen deficiency and inflammation. Arthritis Res Ther. 2005;7(4):R837-43. Epub 2005 Apr 27

550. Yoneda T, Ishimaru N, Arakaki R, Kobayashi M, Izawa T, Moriyama K, Hayashi Y. Estrogen deficiency accelerates murine autoimmune arthritis associated with receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand-mediated osteoclastogenesis. Endocrinology. 2004  May; 145(5):2384-91

Testosterone levels

551. Stafford L, Bleasel J, Giles A, Handelsman D. Androgen deficiency and bone mineral density in men with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2000 Dec;27(12):2786-90

 

Osteoporosis: The association with hormone levels

 

GH/IGF-1 levels

552. Foldes J, Lakatos P, Zsadanyi J, Horvath C.  Decreased serum IGF-I and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate may be risk factors for the development of reduced bone mass in postmenopausal women with endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism. Eur J Endocrinol. 1997 Mar;136(3):277-81

553. Monson JP, Abs R, Bengtsson BA, Bennmarker H, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Hernberg-Stahl E, Thoren M, Westberg B, Wilton P, Wuster C. Growth hormone deficiency and replacement in elderly hypopituitary adults. KIMS Study Group and the KIMS International Board. Pharmacia and Upjohn International Metabolic Database. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)  2000 Sep;53(3):281-9

554. Longobardi S, Di Rella F, Pivonello R, Di Somma C, Klain M, Maurelli L, Scarpa R, Colao A, Merola B, Lombardi G. Effects of two years of growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy on bone metabolism and mineral density in childhood and adulthood onset GH deficient patients. J Endocrinol Invest  1999 May;22(5):333-9 

555. Beckers V, Milet J, Legros JJ.  Prolonged treatment with recombined growth hormone improves bone measures: study of body composition in 21 deficient adults on treatment.  Ann Endocrinol (Paris)  2001 Dec;62(6):507-15

556. Gomez JM, Gomez N, Fiter J, Soler J. Effects of long-term treatment with GH in the bone mineral density of adults with hypopituitarism and GH deficiency and after discontinuation of GH replacement. Horm Metab Res  2000 Feb;32(2):66-70

557. Kaufman JM, Taelman P, Vermeulen A, Vandeweghe M. Bone mineral status in growth hormone-deficient males with isolated and multiple pituitary deficiencies of childhood onset. J Clin Endocrinol Metab  1992 Jan;74(1):118-23

558. Calo L, Castrignano R, Davis PA, Carraro G, Pagnin E, Giannini S, Semplicini A, D'Angelo A. Role of insulin-like growth factor-I in primary osteoporosis: a correlative study. J Endocrinol Invest  2000 Apr;23(4):223-7

559. Colao A, Di Somma C, Pivonello R, Loche S, Aimaretti G, Cerbone G, Faggiano A, Corneli G, Ghigo E, Lombardi G. Bone loss is correlated to the severity of growth hormone deficiency in adult patients with hypopituitarism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab  1999 Jun;84(6):1919-24

560. Nakaoka D, Sugimoto T, Kaji H, Kanzawa M, Yano S, Yamauchi M, Sugishita T, Chihara K. Determinants of bone mineral density and spinal fracture risk in postmenopausal Japanese women. Osteoporos Int  2001;12(7):548-54

561. Rico H, Del Rio A, Vila T, Patino R, Carrera F, Espinos D. The role of growth hormone in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Arch Intern Med  1979 Nov;139(11):1263-5

562. Ljunghall S, Johansson AG, Burman P, Kampe O, Lindh E, Karlsson FA. Low plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in male patients with idiopathic osteoporosis. J Intern Med  1992 Jul;232(1):59-64   

Melatonin levels

563. Ostrowska Z, Kos-Kudla B, Marek B, Swietochowska E, Gorski J. Assessment of the relationship between circadian variations of salivary melatonin levels and type I collagen metabolism in postmenopausal obese women. Neuroendocrinol Lett  2001 Apr;22(2):121-7

Calcitonin levels

564. Foresta C, Scanelli G, Zanatta GP, Busnardo B, Scandellari C. Reduced calcitonin reserve in young hypogonadic osteoporotic men. Horm Metab Res. 1987 Jun;19(6):275-7

565. Melton LJ 3rd, Ardila E, Crowson CS, O'Fallon WM, Khosla S.  Fractures following thyroidectomy in women: a population-based cohort study.  Bone. 2000 Nov;27(5):695-700

DHEA levels

566. Sambrook P, Birmingham J, Champion D, Kelly P, Kempler S, Freund J, Eisman J.   Postmenopausal bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis: effect of estrogens and androgens. J Rheumatol. 1992 Mar;19(3):357-61

567. Nordin BE, Robertson A, Seamark RF, Bridges A, Philcox JC, Need AG, Horowitz M, Morris HA, Deam S.  The relation between calcium absorption, serum dehydroepiandrosterone, and vertebral mineral density in postmenopausal women.  J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1985;60(4):651-7

568. Wild RA, Buchanan JR, Myers C, Demers LM. Declining adrenal androgens: an association with bone loss in aging women. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med  1987;186(3):355-60

569. Audisio M, Fidanza A, Mastroiacovo P, Suraci C, Strollo F, Torella G, Di Pietro S.[Correlations between vitamins A and E and steroid hormones]., Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper. 1987;63(3):281-7

570. Fingerova H, Matlochova J.  Reduced serum dehydroepiandrosterone levels in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Ceska Gynekol. 1998;63(2):110-3

571. Brody S, Carlstrom K, Lagrelius A, Lunell NO, Rosenborg L.  Adrenal steroids, bone mineral content and endometrial pathology in postmenopausal women.  Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1981;60(3):325-6

572. Brody S, Carlstrom K, Lagrelius A, Lunell NO, Rosenborg L.  Adrenocortical steroids, bone mineral content and endometrial condition in post-menopausal women. Maturitas. 1982;4(2):113-2

573. Shono N, Kugino K, Yoshida S, Nakayama M, Ueno H, Nishizumi M. Bone mineral density by ultrasonic measurement in pre- and postmenopausal women--relationship with sex hormones and nutritional states.  Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi 1997;51(4):755-62

574. Miklos S.  Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate in the diagnosis of osteoporosis.  Acta Biomed Ateneo Parmense 1995;66(3-4):139-46

575. Devogelaer JP, Crabbe J, Nagant de Deuxchaisnes C. Bone mineral density in Addison's disease: evidence for an effect of adrenal androgens on bone mass. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)  1987;294(6575):798-800

576. Formiga F, Moga I, Nolla JM, Navarro MA, Bonnin R, Roig-Escofet D.  The association of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels with bone mineral density in systemic lupus erythematosus.  Clin Exp Rheumatol 1997;15(4):387-92

577. Sambrook PN, Eisman JA, Champion GD, Pocock NA.  Sex hormone status and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum  1988;31(8):973-8

578. Greendale GA, Edelstein S, Barrett-Connor E.  Endogenous sex steroids and bone mineral density in older women and men: the Rancho Bernardo Study.  J Bone Miner Res 1997;12(11):1833-43

579. Miller KK, Biller BM, Hier J, Arena E, Klibanski A. Androgens and Bone Density in Women with Hypopituitarism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002 Jun 1;87(6):2770-2776

580. Ortego-Centeno N, Munoz-Torres M, Jodar E, Hernandez-Quero J, Jurado-Duce A, de la Higuera Torres-Puchol J.  Effect of tobacco consumption on bone mineral density in healthy young males.  Calcif Tissue Int 1997;60(6):496-500

Estrogens and androgen levels 

581. Deutsch S, Benjamin F, Seltzer V, Tafreshi M, Kocheril G, Frank A.  The correlation of serum estrogens and androgens with bone density in the late postmenopause. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1987 Jun;25(3):217-22

582. Garnero P, Sornay-Rendu E, Claustrat B, Delmas PD.   Biochemical markers of bone turnover, endogenous hormones and the risk of fractures in postmenopausal women: the OFELY study. J Bone Miner Res. 2000 Aug;15(8):1526-36

583. Lau EM, Suriwongpaisal P, Lee JK, Das De S, Festin MR, Saw SM, Khir A, Torralba T, Sham A, Sambrook P.  Risk factors for hip fracture in Asian men and women: the Asian osteoporosis study.  J Bone Miner Res. 2001 Mar;16(3):572-80

584. van den Beld AW, de Jong FH, Grobbee DE, Pols HA, Lamberts SW.  Measures of bioavailable serum testosterone and estradiol and their relationships with muscle strength, bone density, and body composition in elderly men.  J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Sep;85(9):3276-82

Estrogen levels

585. Richelson LS, Wahner HW, Melton LJ 3rd, Riggs BL.  Relative contributions of aging and estrogen deficiency to postmenopausal bone loss. N Engl J Med. 1984 Nov 15; 311(20): 12273-5

586. Bourdel A, Mahoudeau JA, Guaydier-Souquieres G, Leymarie P, Sabatier JP, Loyau G.  [Gonadal function in primary apparent male osteoporosis. 12 cases. Presse Med. 1989 Oct 21;18(34):1691-4

Testo levels

Testosterone levels

587. Foresta C, Zanatta GP, Busnardo B, Scanelli G, Scandellari C. Testosterone and calcitonin plasma levels in hypogonadal osteoporotic young men. J Endocrinol Invest. 1985 Aug;8(4):377-9

588. Jassal SK, Barrett-Connor E, Edelstein SL. Low bioavailable testosterone levels predict future height loss in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res. 1995 Apr;10(4):650-4

 

Cancer: The association with hormone levels

 

GH/IGF-1 levels

589. Woodson K, Tangrea JA, Pollak M, Copeland TD, Taylor PR, Virtamo J, Albanes D. Serum IGF-1: tumor marker or etiologic factor? A prospective study of prostate cancer among Finnish men. Cancer Res. 2003  15;63(14):3991-4

590. Baffa R, Reiss K, El-Gabry EA, Sedor J, Moy ML, Shupp-Byrne D, Strup SE, Hauck WW, Baserga R, Gomella LG. Low serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1): a significant association with prostate cancer.  Tech Urol  2000 Sep;6(3):236-9

591. Finne P, Auvinen A, Koistinen H, Zhang WM, Maattanen L, Rannikko S, Tammela T, Seppala M, Hakama M, Stenman UH.Insulin-like growth factor I is not a useful marker of prostate cancer in men with elevated levels of prostate-specific antigen. J Clin Endocrinol Metab.  2000 Aug;85(8):2744-7

592. Chokkalingam AP, Pollak M, Fillmore CM, Gao YT, Stanczyk FZ, Deng J, Sesterhenn IA, Mostofi FK, Fears TR, Madigan MP, Ziegler RG, Fraumeni JF Jr, Hsing AW.  Insulin-like growth factors and prostate cancer: a population-based case-control study in China. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2001 May;10(5):421-7

Melatonin levels

593. Tamarkin L, Danforth D, Lichter A, DeMoss E, Cohen M, Chabner B, Lippman M. Decreased nocturnal plasma melatonin peak in patients with estrogen receptor; positive breast cancer. Science  1982 May 28;216(4549):1003-5

594. Bartsch C, Bartsch H, Jain AK, Laumas KR, Wetterberg L. Urinary melatonin levels in human breast cancer patients. J Neural Transm  1981;52(4):281-94

595. Bartsch C, Bartsch H, Fuchs U, Lippert TH, Bellmann O, Gupta D. Stage-dependent depression of melatonin in patients with primary breast cancer. Correlation with prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone, and steroid receptors. Cancer  1989 Jul 15;64(2):426-33 

596. Oosthuizen JM, Bornman MS, Barnard HC, Schulenburg GW, Boomker D, Reif S. Melatonin and steroid-dependent carcinomas. Andrologia  1989 Sep-Oct;21(5):429-31

597. Bartsch C, Bartsch H, Bellmann O, Lippert TH. Depression of serum melatonin in patients with primary breast cancer is not due to an increased peripheral metabolism. Cancer  1991 Mar 15;67(6):1681-4

598. Holdaway IM, Mason BH, Gibbs EE, Rajasoorya C, Hopkins KD. Seasonal changes in serum melatonin in women with previous breast cancer. Br J Cancer  1991 Jul;64(1):149-53

599. Bartsch C, Bartsch H, Karenovics A, Franz H, Peiker G, Mecke D. Nocturnal urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin excretion is decreased in primary breast cancer patients compared to age-matched controls and shows negative correlation with tumor-size. J Pineal Res  1997 Sep;23(2):53-8

600. Skene DJ, Bojkowski CJ, Currie JE, Wright J, Boulter PS, Arendt J. 6-sulphatoxymelatonin production in breast cancer patients. J Pineal Res  1990;8(3):269-76

601. Barni S, Lissoni P, Sormani A, Pelizzoni F, Brivio F, Crispino S, Tancini G. The pineal gland and breast cancer: serum levels of melatonin in patients with mammary tumors and their relation to clinical characteristics. Int J Biol Markers  1989 Jul-Sep;4(3):157-62

602. Lissoni P, Crispino S, Barni S, Sormani A, Brivio F, Pelizzoni F, Brenna A, Bratina G, Tancini G. Pineal gland and tumor cell kinetics: serum levels of melatonin in relation to Ki-67 labeling rate in breast cancer. Oncology  1990;47(3):275-7

603. Karasek M, Kowalski AJ, Zylinska K. Serum melatonin circadian profile in women suffering from the genital tract cancers. Neuroendocrinol Lett  2000;21(2):109-113

604. Grin W, Grunberger W. A significant correlation between melatonin deficiency and endometrial cancer. Gynecol Obstet Invest  1998;45(1):62-5

605. Bartsch C, Bartsch H, Schmidt A, Ilg S, Bichler KH, Fluchter SH. Melatonin and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin circadian rhythms in serum and urine of primary prostate cancer patients: evidence for reduced pineal activity and relevance of urinary determinations. Clin Chim Acta  1992 Aug 31;209(3):153-67

606. Bartsch C, Bartsch H, Fluchter SH, Attanasio A, Gupta D. Evidence for modulation of melatonin secretion in men with benign and malignant tumors of the prostate: relationship with the pituitary hormones. J Pineal Res  1985;2(2):121-32

607. Taverna G, Trinchieri A, Mandressi A, Del Nero A, Mangiarotti B, Antonelli D, Chisena S, Pisani E. Variation in nocturnal urinary excretion of melatonin in a group of patients older than 55 years suffering from urogenital tract disorders. Arch Ital Urol Androl  1997 Dec;69(5):293-7

608. Colombo F, Iannotta F, Fachinetti A, Giuliani F, Cornaggia M, Finzi G, Mantero G, Fraschini F, Malesci A, Bersani M, et al.  Changes in hormonal and biochemical parameters in gastric adenocarcinoma.  Minerva Endocrinol  1991 Jul-Sep;16(3):127-39

609. Kvetnoi IM, Levin IM. Daily excretion of melatonin in patients with cancer of the stomach and large intestine] Vopr Onkol  1987;33(11):29-32

610. Khoory R, Stemme D. Plasma melatonin levels in patients suffering from colorectal carcinoma. J Pineal Res  1988;5(3):251-8

611. Kozlova IV, Osadchuk MA, Kvetnoi IM, Kvetnaia TV, Popuchiev VV. Melatonin and serotonin in inflammatory colon diseases and colorectal neoplasms.  Klin Med (Mosk)  2000;78(6):32-5

612. Grinevich YA, Labunetz IF. Melatonin, thymic serum factor, and cortisol levels in healthy subjects of different age and patients with skin melanoma. J Pineal Res  1986;3(3):263-75E

613. Yamada N, Iwasa H, Kurokawa N, Fujimoto K, Kawashima K, Masuzawa T.  Melatonin secretion in intracranial tumor. No To Shinkei  1990 Feb;42(2):121-9

614. Lissoni P, Mainini E, Rovelli F, Mazzi C, Ardizzoia A, Gelosa M, Capra M, Rivolta MR.A clinical study of the pineal hormone melatonin in patients with growth hormone or prolactin secreting pituitary tumours. Eur J Med  1992 Nov;1(7):407-10

615. Dempsey RJ, Chandler WF. Abnormal serum melatonin levels in patients with intrasellar tumors. Neurosurgery  1984 Dec;15(6):815-9

616. Lissoni P, Bastone A, Sala R, Mauri R, Rovelli F, Viviani S, Bajetta E, Esposti D, Esposti G, di Bella L, et al. The clinical significance of melatonin serum determination in oncological patients and its correlations with GH and PRL blood levels. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol  1987 Jul;23(7):949-57

617. Kliukiene J, Tynes T, Andersen A. Risk of breast cancer among Norwegian women with visual impairment. Br J Cancer  2001 Feb 2;84(3):397-9

618. Feychting M, Osterlund B, Ahlbom A. Reduced cancer incidence among the blind. Epidemiology  1998 Sep;9(5):490-4

Thyroid hormone levels

619. Shelton BK.  Hypothyroidism in cancer patients.  Nurse Pract Forum.  1998 Sep;9(3):185-91

620. Mellemgaard A, From G, Jorgensen T, Johansen C, Olsen JH, Perrild H.  Cancer risk in individuals with benign thyroid disorders.  Thyroid.  1998 Sep;8(9):751-4

621. Liechty RD, Hodges RD, Burket J.  Cancer and thyroid function. JAMA. 1963 Jan 5;183:30-2.

Tellini U, Pellizzari L, Pravadelli B. Thyroid function in elderly with neoplasms.  Minerva Med  1999 Apr;90(4):111-21

622. Shering SG, Zbar AP, Moriarty M, McDermott EW, O'Higgins NJ, Smyth PP. Thyroid disorders and breast cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev  1996 Dec;5(6):504-6

DHEA levels

623. Alberg AJ, Gordon GB, Hoffman SC, Comstock GW, Helzlsouer KJ. Serum dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and the subsequent risk of developing colon cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.  2000 May;9(5):517-21

624. Alberg AJ, Gordon GB, Genkinger JM, Hoffman SC, Selvin E, Comstock GW, Helzlsouer KJ.  Serum dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and risk of melanoma or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Anticancer Res. 2001 Nov-Dec;21(6A):4051-4

625. Karasek M, Pawlikowski M. Pineal gland, melatonin and cancer. Neuroendocrinol Lett  1999;20(3-4):139-144

626. Lissoni P, Rovelli F, Giani L, Mandala M, Meregalli S, Barni S, Confalonieri G, Bonfanti A.  Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) secretion in early and advanced solid neoplasms: selective deficiency in metastatic disease. Int J Biol Markers. 1998 Jul-Sep;13(3):154-7.

Estrogen levels

627. Holmberg L, Norden T, Lindgren A, Wide L, Degerman M, Adami HO. Pre-operative oestradiol levels - relation to survival in breast cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2001 Mar;27(2):152-6

628. MacMahon B, Cole P, Brown JB, Aoki K, Lin TM, Morgan RW, Woo NC. Urine oestrogen profiles of Asian and North American women. Int J Cancer. 1974 Aug 15;14(2):161-7

629. MacMahon B, Cole P, Brown JB, Aoki K, Lin TM, Morgan RW, Woo N. Oestrogen profiles of Asian and North American women. Lancet. 1971 Oct 23;2(7730):900-2

630. Ursin G, Wilson M, Henderson BE, Kolonel LN, Monroe K, Lee HP, Seow A, YuMC, Stanczyk FZ, Gentzschein E Do urinary estrogen metabolites reflect the differences in breast cancer risk between Singapore Chinese and United States African-American and white women? Cancer Res. 2001 Apr 15;61(8):3326-9

631. Ursin G, London S, Stanczyk FZ, Gentzschein E, Paganini-Hill A, Ross RK, Pike MC. Urinary 2-hydroxyestrone/16alpha-hydroxyestrone ratio and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999 Jun 16;91(12):1067-72

632. Lemon HM. Pathophysiologic considerations in the treatment of menopausal patients withoestrogens; the role of oestriol in the prevention of mammary carcinoma. Acta Endocrinol Suppl (Copenh) 1980;233:17-27

633. Vorherr H, Messer RH. Breast cancer: potentially predisposing and protecting factors. Role of pregnancy, lactation, and endocrine status. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1978 Feb 1;130(3):335-58

Progesterone levels

634. Cowan LD, Gordis L, Tonascia JA, Jones GS. Breast cancer incidence in women with a history of progesterone deficiency. Am J Epidemiol 1981 Aug;114(2):209-17

635. Adami HO, Bergstrom R, Holmberg L, Klareskog L, Persson I, Ponten J.The effect of female sex hormones on cancer survival. A register-based study in patients younger than 20 years at diagnosis. JAMA. 1990 Apr 25;263(16):2189-93 

636. Adami HO, Holmberg L, Persson I. Survival and age at diagnosis in breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 1987 ; 316(12): 750-2

637. Mohr PE, Wang DY, Gregory WM, Richards MA, Fentiman IS. Serum progesterone and prognosis in operable breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 1996 Jun;73(12):1552-5

638. Badwe RA, Wang DY, Gregory WM, Fentiman IS, Chaudary MA, Smith P, Richards MA, Rubens RD. Serum progesterone at the time of surgery and survival in women with premenopausal operable breast cancer.Eur J Cancer. 1994;30A(4):445-8

Testosterone levels

639. Meikle AW, Stanish WM. Familial prostatic cancer risk and low testosterone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1982 Jun;54(6):1104-8

640. Turkes AO, Turkes A, Read GF, Fahmy DR. A sensitive fluorometric enzyme immunoassay for testosterone in plasma and saliva [proceedings] J Endocrinol. 1979 Oct;83(1):31P.

641. Vestsi Akademii Medicina Navuk USSR 1980; 3: 72-7 (mentioned in The natural prostate cure (Proger Mason 2000 ISBN 1-884820-61-1)°

642. Kumar VL, Wadhwa SN, Kumar V, Farooq A.   Androgen, estrogen, and progesterone receptor contents and serum hormone profiles in patients with benign hypertrophy and carcinoma of the prostate. J Surg Oncol. 1990 Jun;44(2):122-8

643. Progress in Clinical Biological Research 1975; 6: 143-58 (mentioned in The natural prostate cure (Proger Mason 2000 ISBN 1-884820-61-1))

644. Zhonghua Yixue Zazhi 1993; 73: 489-90 (mentioned in The natural prostate cure (Proger Mason 2000 ISBN 1-884820-61-1))

645. Hulka BS, Hammond JE, DiFerdinando G, Mickey DD, Fried FA, Checkoway H, Stumpf WE, Beckman WC Jr, Clark TD. Serum hormone levels among patients with prostatic carcinoma or benign prostatic hyperplasia and clinic controls. Prostate 1987;11(2):171-82

646. Ortega E, Ruiz E, Mendoza MC, Martin-Andres A, Osorio C. Plasma steroid and protein hormone concentrations in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy and in normal men. Experientia. 1979 Jun 15;35(6):844-5

647. Wright F, Poizat, Bongini M,Bozzolan F Doukani A, Mauvais-Jarvis P. Decreased urinary 5-alpha-androstanediol glucuronide excretion in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1985; 60 (2) 294-8)

648. Wu AH, Whittemore AS, Kolonel LN, John EM, Gallagher RP, West DW, Hankin J, Teh CZ, Dreon DM, Paffenbarger RS Jr. Serum androgens and sex hormone-binding globulins in relation to lifestyle factors in older African-American, white, and Asian men in the United States and Canada. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1995 Oct-Nov;4(7):735-41.

649. Zumoff B, Levin J, Strain GW, Rosenfeld RS, O'Connor J, Freed SZ, Kream J, Whitmore WS, Fukushima DK, Hellman L. Abnormal levels of plasma hormones in men with prostate cancer: evidence toward a " two-disease" theory. Prostate 1982;3(6):579-88

650. Signorello LB, Tzonou A, Mantzoros CS, Lipworth L, Lagiou P, Hsieh C, Stampfer M, Trichopoulos D. Serum steroids in relation to prostate cancer risk in a case-control study (Greece). Cancer Causes Control 1997 Jul;8(4):632-6

651. Gustafsson O, Norming U, Gustafsson S, Eneroth P, Astrom G, Nyman CR. Dihydrotestosterone and testosterone levels in men screened for prostate cancer:a study of a randomized population. Br J Urol. 1996 Mar;77(3):433-40

652. Nomura A, Heilbrun LK, Stemmermann GN, Judd HL. Prediagnostic serum hormones and the risk of prostate cancer. Cancer Res 1988 Jun 15;48(12):3515-7

653. Hoffman MA, DeWolf WC, Morgentaler A.Is low serum free testosterone a marker for high grade prostate cancer? J Urol 2000 Mar;163(3):824-7

654. Ribeiro M, Ruff P, Falkson G. Low serum testosterone and a younger age predict for a poor outcome in metastatic prostate cancer. Am J Clin Oncol 1997 Dec;20(6):605-8

655. Iversen P, Rasmussen F, Christensen IJ. Serum testosterone as a prognostic factor in patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl. 1994; 157: 41-7.

656. Wynder EL, Laakso K, Sotarauta M, Rose DP. Metabolic epidemiology of prostatic cancer. Prostate 1984;5(1):47-53

 

Longevity: The association with hormone levels

 

GH-IGF-1 levels

657. Rosen T, Bengtsson BA. Premature mortality due to cardiovascular disease in hypopituitarism. Lancet. 1990 Aug 4;336(8710):285-8

658. Besson A, Salemi S, Gallati S, Jenal A, Horn R, Mullis PS, Mullis PE..  Reduced longevity in untreated patients with isolated growth hormone deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Aug;88(8):3664-7

Melatonin level: Persistence of a circadian rhythm of melatonin in longevious persons

659. Cugini P, Touitou Y, Bogdan A, Auzeby A, Pellegrino AM, Fontana S, Vacca K, Siena GD, Di Rosa R, Zannella FP, Zannella P, Zannella A, Sepe FA, Sepe L. Is melatonin circadian rhythm a physiological feature associated with healthy longevity? A study of long-living subjects and their progeny. Chronobiol Int  2001 Jan;18(1):99-

 

Thyroid hormone levels

660. Cerillo AG, Bevilacqua S, Storti S, Mariani M, Kallushi E, Ripoli A, Clerico A, Glauber M.  Free t.riiodothyronine: a novel predictor of postoperative atrial fibrillation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2003 Oct;24(4):487-92

661. Iervasi G, G, Pingitore A, Landi P, Raciti M, Ripoli A, Scarlattini M, L'Abbate A, Donato L. Low T3 syndrome: a strong predictor of death in patients with heart disease. Circulation. 2003; 107(5): 708-13

DHEA levels

662. Mazat L, Lafont S, Berr C, Debuire B, Tessier JF, Dartigues JF, Baulieu EE. Prospective measurements of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in a cohort of elderly subjects: relationship to gender, subjective health, smoking habits, and 10-year mortality. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001;98(14):8145-50

663. Feldman HA, Johannes CB, Araujo AB, Mohr BA, Longcope C, McKinlay JB. Low dehydroepiandrosterone and ischemic heart disease in middle-aged men: prospective results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. Am J Epidemiol 2001 Jan 1;153(1):79-89

Cortisol levels

664. Soni A, Pepper GM, Wyrwinski PM, Ramirez NE, Simon R, Pina T, Gruenspan H, Vaca CE. Adrenal insufficiency occurring during septic shock: incidence, outcome, and relationship to peripheral cytokine levels.Am J Med. 1995 Mar;98(3):266-71

665. Moran JL, Chapman MJ, O'Fathartaigh MS, Peisach AR, Pannall PR, Leppard P. Hypocortisolaemia and adrenocortical responsiveness at onset of septic shock. Intensive Care Med  1994 Aug;20(7):489-95

Testosterone levels in men & women

666. Suzuki M. Centenarians in Japan.  Nakayamshoten Tokyo (Japan), 1995: 64-78

 

HORMONE TREATMENTS THAT CURE OR ATTENUATE SENESCENCE CONSEQUENCES

 

Lower quality of life and fatigue: The efficacy of hormone treatments

 

GH-IGF-1 treatment

667. Wallymahmed ME, Foy P, Shaw D, Hutcheon R, Edwards RH, MacFarlane IA. Quality of life, body composition and muscle strength in adult growth hormone deficiency: the influence of growth hormone replacement therapy for up to 3 years. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)  1997 Oct;47(4):439-46

668. Kozakowski J, Adamkiewicz M, Krassowski J, Zgliczynski S. The beneficial effects of growth hormone replacement therapy on elderly men. Pol Merkuriusz Lek  1999 Mar;6(33):131-4

669. Waters D, Danska J, Hardy K, Koster F, Qualls C, Nickell D, Nightingale S, Gesundheit N, Watson D, Schade D. Recombinant human growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1, and combination therapy in AIDS-associated wasting. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med  1996 Dec 1;125(11):865-72

670. Bengtsson BA, Abs R, Bennmarker H, Monson JP, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Hernberg-Stahl E, Westberg B, Wilton P, Wuster C. The effects of treatment and the individual responsiveness to growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy in 665 GH-deficient adults. KIMS Study Group and the KIMS International Board.  J Clin Endocrinol Metab  1999 Nov;84(11):3929-35.

671. Feldt-Rasmussen U, Abs R, Bengtsson BA, Bennmarker H, Bramnert M, Hernberg-Stahl E, Monson JP, Westberg B, Wilton P, Wuster C;  KIMS International Study Board on behalf of KIMS Study Group.Growth hormone deficiency and replacement in hypopituitary patients previously treated for acromegaly or Cushing's disease. Eur J Endocrinol  2002 Jan;146(1):67-74 

672. Hernberg-Stahl E, Luger A, Abs R, Bengtsson BA, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Wilton P, Westberg B, Monson JP;  KIMS International Board.;  KIMS Study Group. Pharmacia International Metabolic Database. Healthcare consumption decreases in parallel with improvements in quality of life during GH replacement in hypopituitary adults with GH deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab  2001 Nov;86(11):5277-81 

673. Wiren L, Bengtsson BA, Johannsson G. Beneficial effects of long-term GH replacement therapy on quality of life in adults with GH deficiency. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)  1998 May;48(5):613-20

674. Fazio S, Sabatini D, Capaldo B, Vigorito C, Giordano A, Guida R, Pardo F, Biondi B, Sacca L.A preliminary study of growth hormone in the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med  1996 Mar 28;334(13):809-14

675. Burman P, Deijen JB. Quality of life and cognitive function in patients with pituitary insufficiency. Psychother Psychosom  1998;67(3):154-67

676. Carroll PV, Littlewood R, Weissberger AJ, Bogalho P, McGauley G, Sonksen PH, Russell-Jones DL. The effects of two doses of replacement growth hormone on the biochemical, body composition and psychological profiles of growth hormone-deficient adults. Eur J Endocrinol  1997 Aug;137(2):146-53

677. Burman P, Broman JE, Hetta J, Wiklund I, Erfurth EM, Hagg E, Karlsson FA. Quality of life in adults with growth hormone (GH) deficiency: response to treatment with recombinant human GH in a placebo-controlled 21-month trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab  1995 Dec;80(12):3585-90 

Melatonin treatment

678. Nagtegaal JE, Laurant MW, Kerkhof GA, Smits MG, van der Meer YG, Coenen AM. Effects of melatonin on the quality of life in patients with delayed sleep phase syndrome. J Psychosom Res  2000 Jan;48(1):45-50

679. Dalton EJ, Rotondi D, Levitan RD, Kennedy SH, Brown GM. Use of slow-release melatonin in treatment-resistant depression. J Psychiatry Neurosci  2000 Jan;25(1):48-52

680. Kayumov L, Brown G, Jindal R, Buttoo K, Shapiro CM. A randomzed, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of the effect of exogenous melatonin on delayed sleep phase syndrome. Psychosom Med  2001 Jan-Feb;63(1):40-8

681. Siegrist C, Benedetti C, Orlando A, Beltran JM, Tuchscherr L, Noseda CM, Brusco LI, Cardinali DP.Lack of changes in serum prolactin, FSH, TSH, and estradiol after melatonin treatment in doses that improve sleep and reduce benzodiazepine consumption in sleep-disturbed, middle-aged, and elderly patients. J Pineal Res  2001 Jan;30(1):34-42

682. Paul MA, Brown G, Buguet A, Gray G, Pigeau RA, Weinberg H, Radomski M. Melatonin and zopiclone as pharmacologic aids to facilitate crew rest. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2001 Nov;72(11):974-84

683. Lissoni P, Barni S, Crispino S, Tancini G, Fraschini F. Endocrine and immune effects of melatonin therapy in metastatic cancer patients. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol  1989 May;25(5):789-95

684. Lissoni P, Barni S, Tancini G, Crispino S, Paolorossi F, Lucini V, Mariani M, Cattaneo G, Esposti D, Esposti G, et al.Clinical study of melatonin in untreatable advanced cancer patients. Tumori  1987 Oct 31;73(5):475-80

685. Lissoni P, Barni S, Cattaneo G, Tancini G, Esposti G, Esposti D, Fraschini F. Clinical results with the pineal hormone melatonin in advanced cancer resistant to standard antitumor therapies. Oncology  1991;48(6):448-50

686. Barni S, Lissoni P, Paolorossi F, Crispino S, Archili C, Tancini G. A study of the pineal hormone melatonin as a second line therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer resistant to fluorouracil plus folates. Tumori  1990 Feb 28;76(1):58-60

687. Lissoni P, Barni S, Ardizzoia A, Tancini G, Conti A, Maestroni G. A randomized study with the pineal hormone melatonin versus supportive care alone in patients with brain metastases due to solid neoplasms. Cancer  1994 Feb 1;73(3):699-701

688. Nagtegaal JE, Kerkhof GA, Smits MG, Swart AC, Van Der Meer YG. Delayed sleep phase syndrome: A placebo-controlled cross-over study on the effects of melatonin administered five hours before the individual dim light melatonin onset. J Sleep Res  1998 Jun;7(2):135-43

689. Yang CM, Spielman AJ, D'Ambrosio P, Serizawa S, Nunes J, Birnbaum J. A single dose of melatonin prevents the phase delay associated with a delayed weekend sleep pattern. Sleep  2001 May 1;24(3):272-81

690. Petrie K, Dawson AG, Thompson L, Brook R. A double-blind trial of melatonin as a treatment for jet lag in international cabin crew. Biol Psychiatry  1993 Apr 1;33(7):526-30

691. Suhner A, Schlagenhauf P, Johnson R, Tschopp A, Steffen R. Comparative study to determine the optimal melatonin dosage form for the alleviation of jet lag. Chronobiol Int  1998 Nov;15(6):655-66

692. Brackowski R, Zubelewicz B, Romanowski W, Lissoni P, Barni S, Tancini G, Maestroni GJ.Preliminary study on modulation of the biological effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in advanced cancer patients by the pineal hormone melatonin. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents  1994 Jul-Sep;8(3):77-80

693. Lissoni P, Barni S, Mandala M, Ardizzoia A, Paolorossi F, Vaghi M, Longarini R, Malugani F, Tancini G. Decreased toxicity and increased efficacy of cancer chemotherapy using the pineal hormone melatonin in metastatic solid tumour patients with poor clinical status. Eur J Cancer  1999 Nov;35(12):1688-92

694. Lissoni P, Tancini G, Barni S, Paolorossi F, Ardizzoia A, Conti A, Maestroni G. Treatment of cancer chemotherapy-induced toxicity with the pineal hormone melatonin. Support Care Cancer  1997 Mar;5(2):126-9

Thyroid treatment

695. Dzurec LC. Experiences of fatigue and depression before and after low-dose L-thyroxine supplementation in essentially euthyroid individuals. Res Nurs Health. 1997 Oct;20(5):389-98

696. Bunevicius R, Kazanavicius G, Zalinkevicius R, Prange AJ Jr.  Effects of thyroxine as compared with thyroxine plus triiodothyronine in patients with hypothyroidism. N Engl J Med. 1999 Feb 11;340(6):424-9

697. Hertoghe T, Lo Cascio A., Hertoghe J. Considerable improvement of hypothyroid symptoms with two combined T3-T4 medication in patients still symptomatic with thyroxine treatment alone. Anti-Aging Medicine, Ed. German Society of Anti-Aging Medicine-Verlag 2003- 2004; 32-43

698. Hashizume K. Supplement with target hormone in aged patients with endocrine dysfunction: thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. 2000 Nov;37(11):870-2.

699. Surkov SI, Naarov AN, Kotova GA, Artemova AM. The efficacy of replacement therapy with L-thyroxine in manifest and latent forms of hypothyroidism.  Probl Endokrinol (Mosk). 1990 Sep-Oct;36(5):14-8. 

DHEA treatment

700. Calabrese V. DHEA in multiple sclerosis: positive effects in a non-randomized study. In: The biological role of DHEA, edited by Regelson W, Kalimi M, De Gruyter-Berlin, 1990: 95-100

701. Bloch M, Schmidt PJ, Danaceau MA, Adams LF, Rubinow DR. Dehydroepiandrosterone treatment of midlife dysthymia. Biol Psychiatry. 1999;45(12):1533-41

702. Hunt PJ, Gurnell EM, Huppert FA, Richards C, Prevost AT, Wass JA, Herbert J, Chatterjee VK. Improvement in mood and fatigue after dehydroepiandrosterone replacement in Addison's disease in a randomized, double blind trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85(12):4650-6

703. van Vollenhoven RF, Engleman EG, McGuire JL. Dehydroepiandrosterone in systemic lupus erythematosus. Results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Arthritis Rheum 1995;38(12):1826-31

Cortisol treatment

704. Whitcomb JE, Findling JW, Raff H, Harnsher K. Randomized trial of oral hydrocortisone and its effect on emergency physicians during night duty. WMJ  2000 Oct;99(7):37-41

705. Bruera E, Roca E, Cedaro L, Carraro S, Chacon R.  Action of oral methylprednisolone in terminal cancer patients: a prospective randomized double-blind study. Cancer Treat Rep. 1985 Jul-Aug;69(7-8):751-4

706. Riedel M, Wiese A, Schurmeyer TH, Brabant G. Quality of life in patients with Addison's disease: effects of different cortisol replacement modes. Exp Clin Endocrinol  1993;101(2):106-11

707. Rubin GJ, Hotopf M. Systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions for postoperative fatigue. Br J Surg  2002 Aug;89(8):971-84 

Estradiol treatment

708. Czarnecka D, Klocek M, Betkowska-Korpala B, Jankowski P, Olszanecka A, Kawecka-Jaszcz K. Influence of hormone replacement therapy on the quality of life in postmenopausal women with hypertension. Przegl Lek. 2000;57(7-8):397-401

709. Burger HG, Hailes J, Menelaus M, Nelson J, Hudson B, Balazs N. The management of persistent menopausal symptoms with oestradiol-testosterone implants: clinical, lipid and hormonal results. Maturitas. 1984 Dec;6(4):351-8

710. Dobs AS, Nguyen T, Pace C, Roberts CP. Differential effects of oral estrogen versus oral estrogen-androgen replacement therapy on body composition in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Apr;87(4):1509-16

711. Nathorst-Boos J, Wiklund I, Mattsson LA, Sandin K, von Schoultz B. Is sexual life influenced by transdermal estrogen therapy? A double blind placebo controlled study in postmenopausal women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1993 Nov;72(8):656-60

712. Wendlova J. Effect of Kliogest on bone metabolism, bone mineral density and quality of life in postmenopausal patients. Vnitr Lek  1998 Aug;44(8):464-8

713. Gorins A, Espie M, Bedairia N, Perret F, Tournant B, Novak H, Lucchi-Angelier E, Marty M. Hormone replacement therapy in breast cancer patients: a study of 230 patients, with a case-control study. Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2003 Jul-Aug;31(7-8):614-9

714. Gambacciani M, Ciaponi M, Cappagli B, Monteleone P, Benussi C, Bevilacqua G, Genazzani AR. Effects of low-dose, continuous combined estradiol and noretisterone acetate on menopausal quality of life in early postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 2003 Feb 25;44(2):157-63

715. Derman RJ, Dawood MY, Stone S. Quality of life during sequential hormone replacement therapy – a placebo-controlled study. Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud. 1995 Mar-Apr;40(2):73-8

716. Collins A, Hanson U, Eneroth P, Hagenfeldt K, Lundberg U, Frankenhaeuser M. Psychophysiological stress responses in postmenopausal women before and after hormonal replacement therapy. Hum Neurobiol. 1982;1(2):153-9

717. Ulrich LG, Barlow DH, Sturdee DW, Wells M, Campbell MJ, Nielsen B, Bragg AJ, Vessey MP.Quality of life and patient preference for sequential versus continuous combined HRT: the UK Kliofem multicenter study experience. UK Continuous Combined HRT Study Investigators. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1997 Oct;59 Suppl 1:S11-7

718. Gelfand MM, Moreau M, Ayotte NJ, Hilditch JR, Wong BA, Lau CY. Clinical assessment and quality of life of postmenopausal women treated with a,new intermittent progestogen combination hormone replacement therapy: a placebo-controlled study. Menopause. 2003 Jan-Feb;10(1):29-36

719. Barrett-Connor E, Young R, Notelovitz M, Sullivan J, Wiita B, Yang HM, Nolan J. A two-year, double-blind comparison of estrogen-androgen and conjugated estrogens in surgically menopausal women. Effects on bone mineral density, symptoms and lipid profiles. J Reprod Med. 1999 Dec;44(12):1012-20

720. Bech P, Munk-Jensen N, Obel EB, Ulrich LG, Eiken P, Nielsen SP. Combined versus sequential hormonal replacement therapy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study on quality of life-related outcome measures. Psychother Psychosom. 1998 Jul-Oct;67(4-5):259-65

721. Wu MH, Pan HA, Wang ST, Hsu CC, Chang FM, Huang KE. Quality of life and sexuality changes in postmenopausal women receiving tibolone therapy. Climacteric. 2001 Dec;4(4):314-9

722. Pornel B.Efficacy and safety of Menorest in two positive-controlled studies. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1996 Apr;64 Suppl:S35-7

723. Karlberg J, Mattsson LA, Wiklund I. A quality of life perspective on who benefits from estradiol replacement therapy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1995 May;74(5):367-72

724. Limouzin-Lamothe MA, Mairon N, Joyce CR, Le Gal M. Quality of life after the menopause: influence of hormonal replacement therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994 Feb;170(2):618-24

725. Iversen OE, Eid AB, Johannesen KH, Nyland B, Lovset T. Transdermal estrogen treatment. A placebo controlled study. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1991 Aug 30;111(20):2544-6

725. Wiklund I, Karlberg J, Mattsson LA. Quality of life of postmenopausal women on a regimen of transdermal estradiol therapy: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993 Mar;168(3 Pt 1):824-30

726. Wiklund I, Berg G, Hammar M, Karlberg J, Lindgren R, Sandin K. Long-term effect of transdermal hormonal therapy on aspects of quality of life in postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 1992 Mar;14(3):225-36

727. Wiklund I, Holst J, Karlberg J, Mattsson LA, Samsioe G, Sandin K, Uvebrant M, von Schoultz B.A new methodological approach to the evaluation of quality of life in postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 1992 Mar;14(3):211-24

728. Hilditch JR, Lewis J, Ross AH, Peter A, van Maris B, Franssen E, Charles J, Norton P, Dunn EV.A comparison of the effects of oral conjugated equine estrogen and transdermal estradiol-17 beta combined with an oral progestin on quality of life in postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 1996 Jul;24(3):177-84

729. Hall G, Pripp U, Schenck-Gustafsson K, Landgren BM. Long-term effects of hormone replacement therapy on symptoms of angina pectoris, quality of life and compliance in women with coronary artery disease. Maturitas. 1998 Jan 12;28(3):235-42

730. Rigano A, Rigano M, Cancellieri F, Pulle C. Sexually and well-being in early menopause. Effect of transdermal estradiol therapy. Panminerva Med. 2001 Jun;43(2):115-8. 

731. Adamson DL, Webb CM, Collins P. Esterified estrogens combined with methyltestosterone improve emotional well-being in postmenopausal women with chest pain and normal coronary angiograms. Menopause. 2001 Jul-Aug;8(4):233-8

Testosterone treatment

732. Arver S, Dobs AS, Meikle AW, Caramelli KE, Rajaram L, Sanders SW, Mazer NA.  Long-term efficacy and safety of a permeation-enhanced testosterone transdermal system in hypogonadal men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1997 Dec;47(6):727-37

733. Park NC, Yan BQ, Chung JM, Lee KM. Oral testosterone undecanoate (Andriol) supplement therapy improves the quality of life for men with testosterone deficiency. Aging Male. 2003 Jun;6(2):86-93

734. English KM, Steeds RP, Jones TH, Diver MJ, Channer KS. Low-dose transdermal testosterone therapy improves angina threshold in men with chronic stable angina: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Circulation. 2000 Oct 17;102(16):1906-11

735. Rabkin JG, Wagner GJ, Rabkin R. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of testosterone therapy for HIV-positive men with hypogonadal symptoms. Arch Gen Psychiatry  2000 Feb;57(2):141-7; discussion 155-6

736. Rabkin JG, Wagner GJ, Rabkin R. Testosterone therapy for human immunodeficiency virus-positive men with and without hypogonadism. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1999 Feb;19(1):19-27

737. O'Connor DB, Archer J, Hair WM, Wu FC. Exogenous testosterone, aggression, and mood in eugonadal and hypogonadal men. Physiol Behav. 2002 Apr 1;75(4):557-66

738. Rozenek R, Rahe CH, Kohl HH, Marple DN, Wilson GD, Stone MH. Physiological responses to resistance-exercise in athletes self-administering anabolic steroids. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1990 Dec;30(4):354-60.

Wagner GJ, Rabkin JG, Rabkin R.  Testosterone as a treatment for fatigue in HIV+ men. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1998 Jul;20(4):209-13

739. Wagner G, Rabkin J, Rabkin R. Exercise as a mediator of psychological and nutritional effects of testosterone therapy in HIV+ men. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998 Jun;30(6):811-7

740. Okun MS, McDonald WM, DeLong MR. Refractory nonmotor symptoms in male patients with Parkinson disease due to testosterone deficiency: a common unrecognized comorbidity. Arch Neurol. 2002 May;59(5):807-11 

741. Crawford BA, Liu PY, Kean MT, Bleasel JF, Handelsman DJ. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of androgen effects on muscle and bone in men requiring long-term systemic glucocorticoid treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Jul;88(7):3167-76

742. Grinspoon S, Corcoran C, Askari H, Schoenfeld D, Wolf L, Burrows B, Walsh M, Hayden D, Parlman K, Anderson E, Basgoz N, Klibanski A.Effects of androgen administration in men with the AIDS wasting syndrome. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1998 Jul 1;129(1):18-26

743. Howell SJ, Radford JA, Adams JE, Smets EM, Warburton R, Shalet SM. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of testosterone replacement in men with mild Leydig cell insufficiency following cytotoxic chemotherapy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2001 Sep;55(3):315-24

744. Gruenewald DA, Matsumoto AM.Testosterone supplementation therapy for older men: potential benefits and risks. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003 Jan;51(1):101-15; discussion 115

745. van Basten JP, van Driel MF, Jonker-Pool G, Sleijfer DT, Schraffordt Koops H, van de Wiel HB, Hoekstra HJ. Sexual functioning in testosterone-supplemented patients treated for bilateral testicular cancer. Br J Urol. 1997 Mar;79(3):461-7

 

Depression: The efficacy of hormone treatments

 

GH treatment

746. Mahajan T, Crown A, Checkley S, Farmer A, Lightman S. Atypical depression in growth hormone deficient adults, and the beneficial effects of growth hormone treatment on depression and quality of life. Eur J Endocrinol. 2004 Sep;151(3):325-32

Melatonin treatment

747. Jean-Louis G, von Gizycki H, Zizi F. Melatonin effects on sleep, mood, and cognition in elderly with mild cognitive impairment. J Pineal Res  1998 Oct;25(3):177-83 

748. Raghavendra V, Kaur G, Kulkarni SK. Anti-depressant action of melatonin in chronic forced swimming-induced behavioral despair in mice, role of peripheral benzodiazepine receptor modulation. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol  2000 Dec;10(6):473-81

749. Bellipanni G, Bianchi P, Pierpaoli W, Bulian D, Ilyia E. Effects of melatonin in perimenopausal and menopausal women: a randomized and placebo controlled study. Exp Gerontol  2001 Feb;36(2):297-310

750. Lewy AJ, Bauer VK, Cutler NL, Sack RL. Melatonin treatment of winter depression: a pilot study. Psychiatry Res  1998 Jan 16;77(1):57-61

751. Ishizaki A, Sugama M, Takeuchi N. Usefulness of melatonin for developmental sleep and emotional/behavior disorders--studies of melatonin trial on 50 patients with developmental disorders. No To Hattatsu  1999 Sep;31(5):428-37

Thyroid treatment

752. Bauer MS, Whybrow PC.   Rapid cycling bipolar affective disorder. II. Treatment of refractory rapid cycling with high-dose levothyroxine: a preliminary study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1990 May;47(5):435-40

753. Afflelou S, Auriacombe M, Cazenave M, Chartres JP, Tignol J. Administration of high dose levothyroxine in treatment of rapid cycling bipolar disorders. Review of the literature and initial therapeutic application apropos of 6 cases. Encephale. 1997 May-Jun;23(3):209-17

754. Bauer M, Baur H, Berghofer A, Strohle A, Hellweg R, Muller-Oerlinghausen B, Baumgartner A. Effects of supraphysiological thyroxine administration in healthy controls and patients with depressive disorders. J Affect Disord. 2002 Apr;68(2-3):285-94

755. Schwarcz G, Halaris A, Baxter L, Escobar J, Thompson M, Young M.   Normal thyroid function in desipramine nonresponders converted to responders by the addition of L-triiodothyronine. Am J Psychiatry. 1984 Dec;141(12):1614-6

756. Prange AJ Jr. Novel uses of thyroid hormones in patients with affective disorders. Thyroid. 1996 Oct;6(5):537-43

757. Birkenhager TK, Vegt M, Nolen WA. An open study of triiodothyronine augmentation of tricyclic antidepressants in inpatients with refractory depression. Pharmacopsychiatry. 1997 Jan;30(1):23-6

758. Joffe RT, Singer W, Levitt AJ, MacDonald C. A placebo-controlled comparison of lithium and triiodothyronine augmentation of tricyclic antidepressants in unipolar refractory depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1993 May;50(5):387-93

759. Altshuler LL, Bauer M, Frye MA, Gitlin MJ, Mintz J, Szuba MP, Leight KL, Whybrow PC. Does thyroid supplementation accelerate tricyclic antidepressant response? A review and meta-analysis of the literature. Am J Psychiatry. 2001 Oct;158(10):1617-22

DHEA treatment

760. Stomati M, Rubino S, Spinetti A, Parrini D, luisi S, Casarosa E, Petraglia F, Gennazzani AR. Endocrine, neuroendocrine and behavioural effects of oral dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate supplementation in postmenopausal women. Gynecol Endocrinol. 1999; 13 (1): 15-25

Cortisol treatment

761. Goodwin GM, Muir WJ, Seckl JR, Bennie J, Carroll S, Dick H, Fink G. The effects of cortisol infusion upon hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary and subjective mood in depressive illness and in controls. J Affect Disord. 1992 Oct;26(2):73-83

762. O'Dwyer AM, Lightman SL, Marks MN, Checkley SA. Treatment of major depression with metyrapone and hydrocortisone. J Affect Disord. 1995 Feb 21;33(2):123-8

763. Adunsky A, Berkowitz M, Waller A. Corticosteroids in terminal cancer. Harefuah. 1995 Mar 1;128(5):278-80, 335 Geriatrics

Estrogen treatment

764. Carranza-Lira S, Valentino-Figueroa ML. Estrogen therapy for depression in postmenopausal women. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1999 Apr;65(1):35-8

765. Ditkoff EC, Crary WG, Cristo M, Lobo RA. Estrogen improves psychological function in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. Obstet Gynecol. 1991 Dec;78(6):991-5

766. Lawrie TA, Herxheimer A, Dalton K. Oestrogens and progestogens for preventing and treating postnatal depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD001690

767. Rudolph I, Palombo-Kinne E, Kirsch B, Mellinger U, Breitbarth H, Graser T. Influence of a continuous combined HRT (2 mg estradiol valerate and 2 mg dienogest) on postmenopausal depression. Climacteric. 2004 Sep;7(3):301-11

768. Rasgon NL, Altshuler LL, Fairbanks LA, Dunkin JJ, Davtyan C, Elman S, Rapkin AJ. Estrogen replacement therapy in the treatment of major depressive disorder in  perimenopausal women.  J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63 Suppl 7:45-8

769. de Lignieres B, Vincens M. Differential effects of exogenous oestradiol and progesterone on mood in post-menopausal women: individual dose/effect relationship. Maturitas. 1982 Apr;4(1):67-72

770. Best NR, Rees MP, Barlow DH, Cowen PJ. Effect of estradiol implant on noradrenergic function and mood in menopausal subjects. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1992;17(1):87-93 

771. Brincat M, Magos A, Studd JW, Cardozo LD, O'Dowd T, Wardle PJ, Cooper D. Subcutaneous hormone implants for the control of climacteric symptoms. A prospective study. Lancet. 1984 Jan 7;1(8367):16-8

772. Sherwin BB, Gelfand MM. Sex steroids and affect in the surgical menopause: a double-blind, cross-over study. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1985;10(3):325-35

773. Gregoire AJ, Kumar R, Everitt B, Henderson AF, Studd JW. Transdermal oestrogen for treatment of severe postnatal depression. Lancet. 1996 Apr 6;347(9006):930-3

774. Ahokas A, Kaukoranta J, Wahlbeck K, Aito M. Estrogen deficiency in severe postpartum depression: successful treatment with sublingual physiologic 17beta-estradiol: a preliminary study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2001 May;62(5):332-6

Testosterone treatment

775. Pope HG Jr, Cohane GH, Kanayama G, Siegel AJ, Hudson JI. Testosterone gel supplementation for men with refractory depression: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2003 Jan;160(1):105-11.

776. Wagner GJ, Rabkin R. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of testosterone therapy forHIV-positive men with hypogonadal symptoms. Arch Gen Psychiatry  2000 Feb;57(2):141-7; discussion 155-6

777. Sherwin BB. Affective changes with estrogen and androgen replacement therapy in surgically menopausal women. J Affect Disord. 1988 Mar-Apr;14(2):177-87

 

Memory loss and Alzheimer’s disease: The efficacy of hormone treatments

 

 

GH treatment

778. Deijen JB, de Boer H, van der Veen EA.  Cognitive changes during growth hormone replacement in adult men. Psychoneuroendocrinology  1998 Jan;23(1):45-55

779. Koppeschaar HP.  Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor I and cognitive function in adults.  Growth Horm IGF Res  2000 Apr;10 Suppl B:S69-73

Melatonin treatment

780. Sharma M, Gupta YK.   Effect of chronic treatment of melatonin on learning, memory and oxidative deficiencies induced by intracerebroventricular streptozotocin in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2001 Oct-Nov;70(2-3):325-31

Thyroid treatment

781. Monzon Monguilod MJ, Perez Lopez-Fraile I. Subclinical hypothyroidism as a cause of reversible cognitive deterioration. Neurologia. 1996 Nov;11(9):353-6

782. Kinuya S, Michigishi T, Tonami N, Aburano T, Tsuji S, Hashimoto T. Reversible cerebral hypoperfusion observed with Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT in reversible dementia caused by hypothyroidism. Clin Nucl Med. 1999 Sep;24(9):666-8

Pregnenolone treatment

783. Darnaudery M, Pallares M, Piazza PV, Le Moal M, Mayo W.  The neurosteroid pregnenolone sulfate infused into the medial septum nucleus increases hippocampal acetylcholine and spatial memory in rats. Brain Res. 2002 Oct 4;951(2):237-42. 

784. Vallee M, Shen W, Heinrichs SC, Zorumski CF, Covey DF, Koob GF, Purdy RH.   Steroid structure and pharmacological properties determine the anti-amnesic effects of pregnenolone sulphate in the passive avoidance task in rats. Eur J Neurosci. 2001 Dec;14(12):2003-10

785. Vallee M, Mayo W, Le Moal M.  Role of pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone and their sulfate esters on learning and memory in cognitive aging.  Brain Res Brain Res Rev  2001 Nov;37(1-3):301-312

786. Mayo W, Le Moal M, Abrous DN.   Pregnenolone sulfate and aging of cognitive functions: behavioral,

neurochemical, and morphological investigations. Horm Behav. 2001 Sep;40(2):215-7

787. Ladurelle N, Eychenne B, Denton D, Blair-West J, Schumacher M, Robel P, Baulieu E.   Prolonged intracerebroventricular infusion of neurosteroids affects cognitive performances in the mouse.

Brain Res. 2000 Mar 10;858(2):371-9

788. Darnaudery M, Koehl M, Piazza PV, Le Moal M, Mayo W.   Pregnenolone sulfate increases hippocampal acetylcholine release and spatial recognition. Brain Res. 2000 Jan 3;852(1):173-9

789. Darnaudery M, Bouyer JJ, Pallares M, Le Moal M, Mayo W.  The promnesic neurosteroid pregnenolone sulfate increases paradoxical sleep in rats.  Brain Res  1999 Feb 13;818(2):492-8

790. Pallares M, Darnaudery M, Day J, Le Moal M, Mayo W.   The neurosteroid pregnenolone sulfate infused into the nucleus basalis increases both acetylcholine release in the frontal cortex or amygdala and spatial memory. Neuroscience. 1998 Dec;87(3):551-8

791. Meziane H, Mathis C, Paul SM, Ungerer A.   The neurosteroid pregnenolone sulfate reduces learning deficits induced by scopolamine and has promnestic effects in mice performing an appetitive learning task. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1996 Aug;126(4):323-30

792. Melchior CL, Ritzmann RF.   Neurosteroids block the memory-impairing effects of ethanol in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1996 Jan;53(1):51-6.

793. Flood JF, Morley JE, Roberts E.   Pregnenolone sulfate enhances post-training memory processes when injected in very low doses into limbic system structures: the amygdala is by far the most sensitive. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Nov 7;92(23):10806-10

794. Mathis C, Paul SM, Crawley JN.   The neurosteroid pregnenolone sulfate blocks NMDA antagonist-induced deficits in a passive avoidance memory task. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1994 Oct;116(2):201-6

795. Flood JF, Morley JE, Roberts E.   Memory-enhancing effects in male mice of pregnenolone and steroids metabolically derived from it. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Mar 1;89(5):1567-71

DHEA treatment

796. Wolf OT, Naumann E, Hellhammer DH, Kirschbaum C.  Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone replacement in elderly men on event-related potentials, memory, and well-being. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1998 Sep;53(5):M385-90

797. Bastianetto S, Ramassamy C, Poirier J, Quirion R. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) protects hippocampal cells from oxidative stress-induced damage. Brain Res Mol Brain Res  1999;66(1-2):35-41

Estrogen treatment

798. Tang MX, Jacobs D, Stern Y, Marder K, Schofield P, Gurland B, Andrews H, Mayeux R.   Effect of oestrogen during menopause on risk and age at onset of Alzheimer's disease. Lancet. 1996 Aug 17;348(9025):429-32

799. Paganini-Hill A, Henderson VW.   Estrogen replacement therapy and risk of Alzheimer disease. Arch Intern Med. 1996 Oct 28;156(19):2213-7

800. Henderson VW, Watt L, Buckwalter JG. Cognitive skills associated with estrogen replacement in women with Alzheimer's disease. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1996 May;21(4):421-30

801. Ohkura T, Isse K, Akazawa K, Hamamoto M, Yaoi Y, Hagino N.   Long-term estrogen replacement therapy in female patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type: 7 case reports. Dementia. 1995 Mar-Apr;6(2):99-1

802. Ohkura T, Isse K, Akazawa K, Hamamoto M, Yaoi Y, Hagino N. Evaluation of estrogen treatment in female patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type. Endocr J. 1994 Aug;41(4):361-71

Estroprogestogen treament

803. Linzmayer L, Semlitsch HV, Saletu B, Bock G, Saletu-Zyhlarz G, Zoghlami A, Gruber D, Metka M, Huber J, Oettel M, Graser T, Grunberger J. “Double-blind, placebo-controlled psychometric studies on the effects of a combined estrogen-progestin regimen versus estrogen alone on performance, mood and personality of menopausal syndrome patients.” Arzneimittelforschung  2001;51(3):238-45

804. Asthana S, Baker LD, Craft S, Stanczyk FZ, Veith RC, Raskind MA, Plymate SR. “High-dose estradiol improves cognition for women with AD: results of a randomized study.” Neurology  2001 Aug 28;57(4):605-12

805. Sherwin BB. Estrogen and/or androgen replacement therapy and cognitive functioning in surgically menopausal women. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1988;13(4):345-57

806. Smith YR, Giordani B, Lajiness-O'Neill R, Zubieta JK.  Long-term estrogen replacement is associated with improved nonverbal memory and attentional measures in postmenopausal women.  Fertil Steril  2001 Dec;76(6):1101-7

807. Stein DG.  Brain damage, sex hormones and recovery: a new role for progesterone and estrogen?  Trends Neurosci  2001 Jul;24(7):386-91

808. Sandstrom NJ, Williams CL.   Memory retention is modulated by acute estradiol and progesterone replacement. Behav Neurosci. 2001 Apr;115(2):384-93

Testosterone treatment

809. Cherrier MM, Asthana S, Plymate S, Baker L, Matsumoto AM, Peskind E, Raskind MA, Brodkin K, Bremner W, Petrova A, LaTendresse S, Craft S. Testosterone supplementation improves spatial and verbal memory in healthy older men. Neurology. 2001 Jul 10;57(1):80-8

 

Sleep: The efficacy of hormone treatments

 

GH treatment

810. Astrom C, Pedersen SA, Lindholm J. The influence of growth hormone on sleep in adults with growth hormone deficiency. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1990 Oct;33(4):495-500

Melatonin treatment

811. Attenburrow ME, Cowen PJ, Sharpley AL. Low dose melatonin improves sleep in healthy middle-aged subjects. Psychopharmacology (Berl)  1996 Jul;126(2):179-81 

812. Garfinkel D, Laudon M, Nof D, Zisapel N. Improvement of sleep quality in elderly people by controlled-release melatonin. Lancet  1995 Aug 26;346(8974):541-4 

813. Pawlikowski M, Kolomecka M, Wojtczak A, Karasek M. Effects of six months melatonin treatment on sleep quality and serum concentrations of estradiol, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and somatomedin C in elderly women. Neuroendocrinol Lett  2002 Apr;23 Suppl 1:17-9

Thyroid treatment

814. Ruiz-Primo E, Jurado JL, Solis H, Maisterrena JA, Fernandez-Guardiola A, Valverde C.  Polysomnographic effects of thyroid hormones primary myxedema. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1982 May;53(5):559-64

815. Orr WC, Males JL, Imes NK.  Myxedema and obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Med. 1981 May;70(5):1061-6

816. Rajagopal KR, Abbrecht PH, Derderian SS, Pickett C, Hofeldt F, Tellis CJ, Zwillich CW.  Obstructive sleep apnea in hypothyroidism. Ann Intern Med. 1984 Oct;101(4):491-4

Pregenolone treatment

817. Darnaudery M, Bouyer JJ, Pallares M, Le Moal M, Mayo W.   The promnesic neurosteroid pregnenolone sulfate increases paradoxical sleep in rats. Brain Res. 1999 Feb 13;818(2):492-8

DHEA treatment

818. Friess E, Trachsel L, Guldner J, Schier T, Steiger A, Holsboer F.  DHEA administration increases rapid eye movement sleep and EEG power in the sigma frequency range. Am J Physiol. 1995 Jan;268(1 Pt 1):E107-13

Estrogen treatment

819. Keefe DL, Watson R, Naftolin F. Hormone replacement therapy may alleviate sleep apnea in menopausal women: a pilot study. Menopause. 1999 Fall;6(3):196-200.

820. Montplaisir J, Lorrain J, Denesle R, Petit D. Sleep in menopause: differential effects of two forms of hormone replacement therapy. Menopause. 2001 Jan-Feb;8(1):10-6.

821. Antonijevic IA, Stalla GK, Steiger A. Modulation of the sleep electroencephalogram by estrogen replacement in postmenopausal women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000 Feb;182(2):277-82.

822. Monti JM, Cardinali DP. A critical assessment of the melatonin effect on sleep in humans. Biol Signals Recept  2000 Nov-Dec;9(6):328-39

823. Schiff I, Regestein Q, Tulchinsky D, Ryan KJ.  Effects of estrogens on sleep and psychological state of hypogonadal women. JAMA. 1979 Nov 30;242(22):2405-4

Testosterone treatment

824. Davis A, Gilbert K, Misiowiec P, Riegel B.   Perceived effects of testosterone replacement therapy in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: an internet pilot study. Health Care Women Int. 2003 Nov;24(9):831-48

 

Loss of sexual drive, sensitivity and potency: The efficacy of hormone treatments

 

GH treatment

825. Becker AJ, Uckert S, Stief CG, Truss MC, Machtens S, Scheller F, Knapp WH, Hartmann U, Jonas U. Possible role of human growth hormone in penile erection. J Urol. 2000 Dec;164(6):2138-42

826. Zhang XS, Wang YX, Han YF, Li Z, Xiang ZQ, Leng J, Huang XY. Effects of growth hormone supplementation on erectile function and expression of nNOS in aging rats. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2005 May;11(5):339-42

827. Jung GW, Spencer EM, Lue TF.  Growth hormone enhances regeneration of nitric oxide synthase-containing penile nerves after cavernous nerve neurotomy in rats. J Urol. 1998 Nov;160(5):1899-904

DHEA treatment

828. Hackbert L, Heiman JR. Acute Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) Effects on Sexual Arousal in Postmenopausal.Women. J Womens Health Gend Based Med 2002 Mar;11(2):155-62

829. Reiter WJ, Pycha A. Placebo-controlled dihydroepiandrosterone substitution in elderly men. Gynakol Geburtshilfliche Rundsch. 1999;39(4):208-9

830. Reiter WJ, Pycha A, Schatzl G, Pokorny A, Gruber DM, Huber JC, Marberger M. Dehydroepiandrosterone in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Urology. 1999;53(3):590-4; discussion 594-5

831. Reiter WJ, Schatzl G, Mark I, Zeiner A, Pycha A, Marberger M. Dehydroepiandrosterone in the treatment of erectile dysfunction in patients with different organic etiologies. Urol Res. 2001 Aug;29(4):278-81

EPO treatment

832. Wu SC, Lin SL, Jeng FR. Influence of erythropoietin treatment on gonadotropic hormone levels and sexual function in male uremic patients. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2001 Apr;35(2):136-40

Estrogen treatment

833. Sarrel PM. Psychosexual effects of menopause: role of androgens. Am J Obstet Gynecol  1999 Mar;180(3 Pt 2):S319-24

834. Castelo-Branco C, Vicente JJ, Figueras F, Sanjuan A, Martinez de Osaba MJ, Casals E, Pons F, Balasch J, Vanrell JA. Comparative effects of estrogens plus androgens and tibolone on bone, lipid pattern and sexuality in postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 2000 Feb 15;34(2):161-8

835. Sherwin BB. Randomized clinical trials of combined estrogen-androgen preparations: effects on sexual functioning. Fertil Steril. 2002 Apr;77 Suppl 4:S49-54.

836. Penotti M, Sironi L, Cannata L, Vigano P, Casini A, Gabrielli L, Vignali M. Effects of androgen supplementation of hormone replacement therapy on the vascular reactivity of cerebral arteries. Fertil Steril. 2001 Aug;76(2):235-40

837. Matuszkiewicz-Rowinska J, Skorzewska K, Radowicki S, Sokalski A, Przedlacki J, Niemczyk S, Wlodarczyk D, Puka J, Switalski M. The benefits of hormone replacement therapy in pre-menopausal women with oestrogen deficiency on haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1999 May;14(5):1238-43

Testosterone treatment :

838. Sherwin BB, Gelfand MM.Differential symptom response to parenteral estrogen and/or androgen administration in the surgical menopause. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1985 Jan 15;151(2):153-60

839. Sherwin BB, Gelfand MM, Brender W. Androgen enhances sexual motivation in females: a prospective, crossover study of sex steroid administration in the surgical menopause. Psychosom Med. 1985 Jul-Aug;47(4):339-51

840. Sherwin BB, Gelfand MM. The role of androgen in the maintenance of sexual functioning in oophorectomized women. Psychosom Med 1987 Jul-Aug;49(4):397-409

841. Tuiten A, Van Honk J, Koppeschaar H, Bernaards C, Thijssen J, Verbaten R. Time course of effects of testosterone administration on sexual arousal in women. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000;57(2):149-53; discussion 155-6

842. Davis SR, McCloud P, Strauss BJ, Burger H. Testosterone enhances estradiol's effects on postmenopausal bone density and sexuality.Maturitas 1995 Apr;21(3):227-36

843. Dow MG, Hart DM, Forrest CA. Hormonal treatments of sexual unresponsiveness in postmenopausal women: a comparative study. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1983 Apr;90(4):361-6

844. Wang C, Swedloff RS, Iranmanesh A, Dobs A, Snyder PJ, Cunningham G, Matsumoto AM, Weber T, Berman N.   Transdermal testosterone gel improves sexual function, mood, muscle strength, and body composition parameters in hypogonadal men. Testosterone Gel Study Group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Aug;85(8):2839-53

845. Matsumoto AM, Weber T, Berman N.  Transdermal testosterone gel improves sexual function, mood, muscle strength, and body composition parameters in hypogonadal men. Testosterone Gel Study Group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Aug;85(8):2839-53

846. Jain P, Rademaker AW, McVary KT. Testosterone supplementation for erectile dysfunction: results of a meta-analysis. J Urol 2000 Aug;164(2):371-5

847. McClellan KJ, Goa KL. Transdermal testosterone. Drugs 1998 Feb;55(2):253-8; discussion 259

 

Hypercholesterolemia: The efficacy of hormone treatments

 

GH treatment

848. Abrahamsen B, Nielsen TL, Hangaard J, Gregersen G, Vahl N, Korsholm L, Hansen TB, Andersen M, Hagen C. Dose-, IGF-I- and sex-dependent changes in lipid profile and body composition during GH replacement therapy in adult onset GH deficiency. Eur J Endocrinol. 2004 May;150(5):671-9

849. Elgzyri T, Castenfors J, Hagg E, Backman C, Thoren M, Bramnert M. The effects of GH replacement therapy on cardiac morphology and function, exercise capacity and serum lipids in elderly patients with GH deficiency. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2004 Jul;61(1):113-22

850. Jallad RS, Liberman B, Vianna CB, Vieira ML, Ramires JA, Knoepfelmacher M.Effects of growth hormone replacement therapy on metabolic and cardiac parameters, in adult patients with childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2003 Apr-Jun;13(2-3):81-8

Melatonin treatment

851. Sewerynek E. Melatonin and the cardiovascular system. Neuroendocrinol Lett  2002 Apr;23 Suppl 1:79-83 

Thyroid treatment

852. Wiseman SA, Carter G, Alaghband Zadeh J, Fowler PB, Greenhalgh RM.  Can thyroxine halt the progression of peripheral arterial disease? Eur J Vasc Surg. 1989 Feb;3(1):85-7

853. Franklyn JA, Daykin J, Betteridge J, Hughes EA, Holder R, Jones SR, Sheppard MC. Thyroxine replacement therapy and circulating lipid concentrations. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1993 May;38(5):453-9

854. Selenkow HA, Wool MS. A new synthetic hormone combination for clinical therapy. Ann Int Med. 1967 July, 67 (1): 90-9

855. Alley RA, Danowski TS, Robbins TJ, Weir TF, Sabeh G, Moses CL.  Indices during administration of T4 and T3 to euthyroid adults. Metabolism. 1968 Feb;17(2):97-104

856. Becerra A, Bellido D, Luengo A, Piedrola G, De Luis DA. Lipoprotein(a) and other lipoproteins in hypothyroid patients before and after thyroid replacement therapy. Clin Nutr. 1999 Oct;18(5):319-22

DHEA treatment

DOUBLE p 68 (chol treatm) p 80 (diabetes: treatme)

857. Dhatariya K, Bigelow ML, Nair KS.Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone replacement on insulin sensitivity and lipids in hypoadrenal women. Diabetes. 2005 Mar;54(3):765-9

Estrogen treatment

DOUBLE: p 67 (chol treatm), p 79 (obesity treatm)

858. Darko DA, Dornhorst A, Kennedy G, Mandeno RC, Seed M. Glycaemic control and plasma lipoproteins in menopausal women with Type 2 diabetes treated with oral and transdermal combined hormone replacement therapy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2001 Dec;54(3):157-64

859. Nanda S, Gupta N, Mehta HC, Sangwan K. Effect of oestrogen replacement therapy on serum lipid profile. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2003 Jun;43(3):213-6

860. Sanada M, Tsuda M, Kodama I, Sakashita T, Nakagawa H, Ohama K. Substitution of transdermal estradiol during oral estrogen-progestin therapy in postmenopausal women: effects on hypertriglyceridemia. Menopause. 2004 May-Jun;11(3):331-6

861. Dansuk R, Unal O, Karageyim Y, Esim E, Turan C. Evaluation of the effect of tibolone and transdermal estradiol on triglyceride level in hypertriglyceridemic and normotriglyceridemic postmenopausal women. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2004 May;18(5):233-9

862. Balci H, Altunyurt S, Acar B, Fadiloglu M, Kirkali G, Onvural B. Effects of transdermal estrogen replacement therapy on plasma levels of nitric oxide and plasma lipids in postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 2005 Apr 11;50(4):289-93

863. Hemelaar M, van der Mooren MJ, Mijatovic V, Bouman AA, Schijf CP, Kroeks MV, Franke HR, Kenemans P. Oral, more than transdermal, estrogen therapy improves lipids and lipoprotein(a) in postmenopausal women: a randomized, placebo-controlled study Menopause. 2003 Nov-Dec;10(6):550-8

864. Vigna GB, Donega P, Zanca R, Barban A, Passaro A, Pansini F, Bonaccorsi G, Mollica G, Fellin R. Simvastatin, transdermal patch, and oral estrogen-progestogen preparation in early-postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Metabolism. 2002 Nov;51(11):1463-70

865. Sendag F, Karadadas N, Ozsener S, Bilgin O. Effects of sequential combined transdermal and oral hormone replacement therapies on serum lipid and lipoproteins in postmenopausal women. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2002 Jan;266(1):38-43

866. Erenus M, Karakoc B, Gurler A. Comparison of effects of continuous combined transdermal with oral estrogen and oral progestogen replacement therapies on serum lipoproteins and compliance. Climacteric. 2001 Sep;4(3):228-34

867. Godsland IF. Effects of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy on lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein (a) concentrations: analysis of studies published from 1974-2000. Fertil Steril. 2001 May;75(5):898-915

Progesterone treatment

868. Houser SL, Aretz HT, Quist WC, Chang Y, Schreiber AD. “Serum lipids and arterial plaque load are altered independently with high-dose progesterone in hypercholesterolemic male rabbits.” Cardiovasc Pathol. 2000 Nov-Dec;9(6):317-22.

Testosterone treatment

869. Whitsel EA, Boyko EJ, Matsumoto AM, Anawalt BD, Siscovick DS.   Intramuscular testosterone esters and plasma lipids in hypogonadal men: a meta-analysis. Am J Med. 2001 Sep;111(4):261-9

870. Tenover JS.  Effects of testosterone supplementation in the aging male.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992 Oct;75(4):1092-8

871. Wu S, Weng X. Therapeutic effect of andriol on serum lipids and apolipoproteins in elderly male coronary heart disease patients. Chin Med Sci J. 1992 Sep;7(3):137-41

 

Atherosclerosis: The efficacy of hormone treatments

 

GH treatment

872. Irving RJ, Carson MN, Webb DJ, Walker BR. Peripheral vascular structure and function in men with contrasting GH levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Jul;87(7):3309-14

873. Borson-Chazot F, Serusclat A, Kalfallah Y, Ducottet X, Sassolas G, Bernard S, Labrousse F, Pastene J, Sassolas A, Roux Y, Berthezene F.  Decrease in carotid intima-media thickness after one year growth hormone (GH) treatment in adults with GH deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Apr;84(4):1329-33.

874. Soares DV, Spina LD, de Lima Oliveira Brasil RR, da Silva EM, Lobo PM, Salles E, Coeli CM, Conceicao FL, Vaisman M Carotid artery intima-media thickness and lipid profile in adults with growth hormone deficiency after long-term growth hormone replacement. Metabolism. 2005 Mar;54(3):321

Melatonin treatment

875. Cagnacci A, Arangino S, Angiolucci M, Melis GB, Tarquini R, Renzi A, Volpe A. Different circulatory response to melatonin in postmenopausal women without and with hormone replacement therapy. J Pineal Res  2000 Oct;29(3):152-8

 Thyroid treatment

876. Papaioannou GI, Lagasse M, Mather JF, Thompson PD. Treating hypothyroidism improves endothelial function. Metabolism. 2004 Mar;53(3):278-9

877. Nagasaki T, Inaba M, Henmi Y, Kumeda Y, Ueda M, Tahara H, Sugiguchi S, Fujiwara S, Emoto M, Ishimura E, Onoda N, Ishikawa T, Nishizawa Y. D ecrease in carotid intima-media thickness in hypothyroid patients after normalization of thyroid function. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2003 Nov;59(5):607-12

DHEA treatment

878. Shafagoj Y, Opoku J, Qureshi D, Regelson W, Kalimi M. Dehydroepiandrosterone prevents dexamethasone-induced hypertension in rats. Am J Physiol. 1992 Aug;263(2 Pt 1):E210-3

879. Hayashi T, Esaki T, Muto E, Kano H, Asai Y, Thakur NK, Sumi D, Jayachandran M, Iguchi A. Dehydroepiandrosterone retards atherosclerosis formation through its conversion to estrogen: the possible role of nitric oxide.Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000 Mar;20(3):782-92.

880. Gordon GB, Bush DE, Weisman HF.   Reduction of atherosclerosis by administration of dehydroepiandrosterone. A study in the hypercholesterolemic New Zealand white rabbit with aortic intimal injury. J Clin Invest. 1988 Aug;82(2):712-20

881. Rom WN, Harkin T.  Dehydroepiandrosterone inhibits the spontaneous release of superoxide radical

by alveolar macrophages in vitro in asbestosis. Environ Res. 1991 Aug;55(2):145-56

Insulin treatment

882. Jensen-Urstad KJ, Reichard PG, Rosfors JS, Lindblad LE, Jensen-Urstad MT. Early atherosclerosis is retarded by improved long-term blood glucose control in patients with IDDM. Diabetes  1996 Sep;45(9):1253-8

Estrogen treatment

883. Cagnacci A, Arangino S, Angiolucci M, Melis GB, Tarquini R, Renzi A, Volpe A. Different circulatory response to melatonin in postmenopausal women without and with hormone replacement therapy.  J Pineal Res. 2000 Oct;29(3):152-8

884. de Kleijn MJ, Bots ML, Bak AA, Westendorp IC, Planellas J, Coelingh Bennink HJ, Witteman JC, Grobbee DE. Hormone replacement therapy in perimenopausal women and 2-year change of carotid intima-media thickness. Maturitas  1999;32(3):195-204

885. Mullick AE, Walsh BA, Reiser KM, Rutledge JC. Chronic estradiol treatment attenuates stiffening, glycoxidation, and permeability in rat carotid arteries. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2001 Nov;281(5):H2204-10

886. Tremollieres FA, Cigagna F, Alquier C, Cauneille C, Pouilles J, Ribot C. Effect of hormone replacement therapy on age-related increase in carotid artery intima-media thickness in postmenopausal women. Atherosclerosis.  2000;153(1):81-8

887. Walsh BA, Mullick AE, Banka CE, Rutledge JC.  17beta-estradiol acts separately on the LDL particle and artery wall to reduce LDL accumulation.  J Lipid Res. 2000 Jan;41(1):134-41

888. Walsh BA, Mullick AE, Walzem RL, Rutledge JC. 17beta-estradiol reduces tumor necrosis factor-alpha- mediated LDL accumulation in the artery wall.  J Lipid Res. 1999 Mar;40(3):387-96

889. Jonas HA, Kronmal RA, Psaty BM, Manolio TA, Meilahn EN, Tell GS, Tracy RP, Robbins JA, Anton-Culver H. Current estrogen-progestin and estrogen replacement therapy in elderly women: association with carotid atherosclerosis. CHS Collaborative Research Group. Cardiovascular Health Study; Ann Epidemiol. 1996 Jul;6(4):314-23

890. Wagner JD. Rationale for hormone replacement therapy in atherosclerosis prevention. J Reprod Med 2000 Mar;45(3 Suppl):245-58

Testosterone treatment

891. Bennet A, Caron P, Sie P, Louvet JP, Bazex J.  Post-phlebitic leg ulcers and XYY karyotype: fibrinolysis and  androgenic function tests. Apropos of 3 cases. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 1987;114(9):1097-101

Only treatment

892. Walker ID, Davidson JF, Young P, Conkie JA. Effect of anabolic steroids on plasma antithrombin III. alpha2 macroglobulin and alpha1 antitrypsin levels. Thromb Diath Haemorrh. 1975 Sep 30;34(1):106-14

893. Walker ID, Davidson JF, Young P, Conkie JA. Plasma fibrinolytic activity following oral anabolic steroid therapy. Thromb Diath Haemorrh. 1975 Sep 30;34(1):236-45

894. Klocking HP, Markwardt F, Hoffmann A. Animal experiments on the enhancement of fibrinolytic potential by anabolic steroids. Biomed Biochim Acta. 1984;43(4):501-7

895. Kluft C, Preston FE, Malia RG, Bertina RM, Wijngaards G, Greaves M, Verheijen JH, Dooijewaard G. Stanozolol-induced changes in fibrinolysis and coagulation in healthy adults. Thromb Haemost. 1984; 51 : 157-64

896. Preston FE, Burakowski BK, Porter NR, Malia RG. The fibrinolytic response to stanozolol in normal subjects. Thrombos Res. 1981; 22 : 543-57

897. Bhasin S. Effects of testosterone administration on fat distribution, insulin sensitivity, and atherosclerosis progression. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;37 Suppl 2:S142-9

 

Arterial hypertension: The efficacy of hormone treatments

 

GH / IGF-1 treatment

898. Caidahl K, Eden S, Bengtsson BA. Cardiovascular and renal effects of growth hormone. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)  1994 Mar;40(3):393-400

Melatonin treatment

899. Cagnacci A, Arangino S, Angiolucci M, Maschio E, Melis GB. Influences of melatonin administration on the circulation of women. Am J Physiol  1998 Feb;274(2 Pt 2):R335-8

900. Cagnacci A, Arangino S, Angiolucci M, Maschio E, Longu G, Melis GB. Potentially beneficial cardiovascular effects of melatonin administration in women. J Pineal Res  1997 Jan;22(1):16-9

901. Cagnacci A, Arangino S, Angiolucci M, Melis GB, Facchinetti F, Malmusi S, Volpe A. Effect of exogenous melatonin on vascular reactivity and nitric oxide in postmenopausal women: role of hormone replacement therapy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)  2001 Feb;54(2):261-6

902. Arangino S, Cagnacci A, Angiolucci M, Vacca AM, Longu G, Volpe A, Melis GB. Effects of melatonin on vascular reactivity, catecholamine levels, and blood pressure in healthy men. Am J Cardiol  1999 May 1;83(9):1417-9

903. Burgess HJ, Sletten T, Savic N, Gilbert SS, Dawson D. Effects of bright light and melatonin on sleep propensity, temperature, and cardiac activity at night. J Appl Physiol  2001 Sep;91(3):1214-22

904. Nishiyama K, Yasue H, Moriyama Y, Tsunoda R, Ogawa H, Yoshimura M, Kugiyama K. Acute effects of melatonin administration on cardiovascular autonomic regulation in healthy men. Am Heart J  2001 May;141(5):E9

905. Lusardi P, Preti P, Savino S, Piazza E, Zoppi A, Fogari R. Effect of bedtime melatonin ingestion on blood pressure of normotensive subjects. Blood Press Monit  1997 Apr;2(2):99-103

906. Kitajima T, Kanbayashi T, Saitoh Y, Ogawa Y, Sugiyama T, Kaneko Y, Sasaki Y, Aizawa R, Shimisu T. The effects of oral melatonin on the autonomic function in healthy subjects. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci  2001 Jun;55(3):299-300

907. Zaslavskaia RM, Biiasilov NS, Akhmetov Kzh, Teiblium MM. Capozide-50 alone and in combination with melatonin in therapy of hypertension.  Klin Med (Mosk)  2000;78(11):39-41

908. Zaslavskaia RM, Komarov FI, Shakirova AN, Teiblium MM, Akhmetov KZh. Effect of moxonidine monotherapy and in combination with melatonin on hemodynamic parameters in patients with arterial hypertension. : Klin Med (Mosk)  2000;78(4):41-4

909. Zaslavskaia RM, Komarov FI, Goncharov LF, Goncharova ZF, Makarova LA. Comparative study of the effectiveness of Cozaar monotherapy and Cozaar and melatonin combined therapy in aged patients with hypertension. Klin Med (Mosk)  1998;76(12):49-51

910. Zaslavskaia RM, Shakirova AN, Komarov FI, Teiblium MM, Akhmetov KZh. Effects of melatonin alone and in combination with aceten on chronostructure of diurnal hemodynamic rhythms in patients with hypertension stage II. Ter Arkh  1999;71(12):21-4

911. Zaslavskaia RM, Komarov FI, Makarova LA, Shakirova AN, Narmanova OZh, Biiasilov N. Time-dependent effects of antihypertensive agents and chronocorrecting action of melatonin in patients with arterial hypertension. Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk  2000;(8):36-41

Thyroid treatment 

912. Fuller H Jr, Spittell JA Jr, McConahey WM, Schirger A.  Myxedema and hypertension. Postgrad Med. 1966 Oct;40(4):425-8.

DHEA treatment

913. Dockery F, Bulpitt CJ, Donaldson M, Fernandez S, Rajkumar C. The relationship between androgens and arterial stiffness in older men. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003 Nov;51(11):1627-32

914. Hampl V, Bibova J, Povysilova V, Herget J. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate reduces chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats. Eur Respir J. 2003 May;21(5):862-5

915. Bonnet S, Dumas-de-La-Roque E, Begueret H, Marthan R, Fayon M, Dos Santos P, Savineau JP, Baulieu EE. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) prevents and reverses chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Aug 5;100(16):9488-93

Estrogen treatment

916. Mercuro G, Zoncu S, Piano D, Pilia I, Lao A, Melis GB, Cherchi A. Estradiol-17beta reduces blood pressure and restores the normal amplitude of the circadian blood pressure rhythm in postmenopausal hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 1998 Aug;11(8 Pt 1):909-13

917. Del Rio G, Velardo A, Zizzo G, Avogaro A, Cipolli C, Della Casa L, Marrama P, MacDonald IA. Effect of estradiol on the sympathoadrenal response to mental stress in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994 Sep;79(3):836-40

918. Pang SC, Greendale GA, Cedars MI, Gambone JC, Lozano K, Eggena P, Judd HL. Long-term effects of transdermal estradiol with and without medroxyprogesterone acetate. Fertil Steril. 1993 Jan;59(1):76-82

919. Gerhard M, Walsh BW, Tawakol A, Haley EA, Creager SJ, Seely EW, Ganz P, Creager MA. Estradiol therapy combined with progesterone and endothelium-dependent vasodilation in postmenopausal women. Circulation. 1998 Sep 22;98(12):1158-63

920. Kornhauser C, Malacara JM, Garay ME, Perez-Luque EL. The effect of hormone replacement therapy on blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors in menopausal women with moderate hypertension. J Hum Hypertens. 1997 Jul;11(7):405-11

921. Worboys S, Kotsopoulos D, Teede H, McGrath B, Davis SR.  Evidence that parenteral testosterone therapy may improve endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation in postmenopausal women already receiving estrogen. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Jan;86(1):158-61

Testosterone treatment

922. Shapiro J, Christiana J, Frishman WH.  Testosterone and other anabolic steroids as cardiovascular drugs. Am J Ther. 1999 May;6(3):167-74

 

Coronary heart disease and other cardiac diseases: The efficacy of hormone treatments

 

GH treatment

923. Castagnino HE, Lago N, Centrella JM, Calligaris SD, Farina S, Sarchi MI, Cardinali DP. Cytoprotection by melatonin and growth hormone in early rat myocardial infarction as revealed by Feulgen DNA staining. Neuroendocrinol Lett  2002 Oct-Dec;23(5/6):391-395

Melatonin treatment

924. Lee YM, Chen HR, Hsiao G, Sheu JR, Wang JJ, Yen MH.Protective effects of melatonin on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo. J Pineal Res  2002 Sep;33(2):72-80

925. Brusco LI, Garcia-Bonacho M, Esquifino AI, Cardinali DP. Diurnal rhythms in norepinephrine and acetylcholine synthesis of sympathetic ganglia, heart and adrenals of aging rats: effect of melatonin. J Auton Nerv Syst  1998 Nov 25;74(1):49-61 

926. Dave RH, Hale SL, Kloner RA. The Effect of Melatonin on Hemodynamics, Blood Flow, and Myocardial Infarct Size in a Rabbit Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther  1998 Apr;3(2):153-160

Thyroid treatment

927. Barnes BO. Prophylaxis of ischaemic heart-disease by thyroid therapy. Lancet. 1959 Aug 22;2:149-52

928. Holland FW 2nd, Brown PS Jr, Clark RE.  Acute severe postischemic myocardial depression reversed by triiodothyronine. Ann Thorac Surg. 1992 Aug;54(2):301-5

929. Facktor MA, Mayor GH, Nachreiner RF, D'Alecy LG.   Thyroid hormone loss and replacement during resuscitation from cardiac arrest in dogs. Resuscitation. 1993 Oct;26(2):141-62

930. Israel M.  An effective therapeutic approach to the control of atherosclerosis illustrating harmlessness of prolonged use of thyroid hormone in coronary disease.  Am J Dig Dis. 1955 June; 161-8

DHEA treatment

931. Eich DM, Nestler JE, Johnson DE, Dworkin GH, Ko D, Wechsler AS, Hess ML.   Inhibition of accelerated coronary atherosclerosis with  dehydroepiandrosterone in the heterotopic rabbit model of cardiac transplantation. Circulation. 1993 Jan;87(1):261-9

Glucocorticoid treatment

932. Morrison J, Maley T, Reduto L, Victa C, Pyros I, Brandon J, Gulotta S. Effect of methylprednisolone on predicted myocardial infarction size in man. Crit Care Med. 1975 May-Jun;3(3):94-102

Estrogen treatment

883. Cagnacci A, Arangino S, Angiolucci M, Melis GB, Tarquini R, Renzi A, Volpe A. Different circulatory response to melatonin in postmenopausal women without and with hormone replacement therapy.  J Pineal Res. 2000 Oct;29(3):152-8

933. Paganini Hill A. The Leisure World Cohort Study.  in The Treatment of the Postmenopausal Women- Lobo RA, Ed Paven Press – NY, 1994; p. 401: table 1

934. Delyani JA, Murohara T, Nossuli TO, Lefer AM.  Protection from myocardial reperfusion injury by acute administration of 17 beta-estradiol.  Mol Cell Cardiol. 1996 May;28(5):1001-8

935. Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Manson JE, Rosner B, Speizer FE, Hennekens CH.  Postmenopausal estrogen therapy and cardiovascular disease. Ten-year follow-up from the nurses' health study. N Engl J Med. 1991 Sep 12;325(11):756-62

936. Grodstein F, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Rosner B, Speizer FE, Hennekens CH.   Postmenopausal estrogen and progestin use and the risk of cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 1996 Aug 15;335(7):453-61

937. Chen FP, Lee N, Wang CH, Cherng WJ, Soong YK.  Effects of hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women.  Fertil Steril. 1998 Feb;69(2):267-73

938. Grodstein F, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Speizer FE, Stampfer MJ.  A prospective, observational study of postmenopausal hormone therapy and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.  Ann Intern Med. 2000 Dec 19;133(12):933-41

939. Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T, Furberg C, Herrington D, Riggs B, Vittinghoff E.  Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group.  JAMA. 1998 Aug 19;280(7):605-13

940. Rosano GM, Webb CM, Chierchia S, Morgani GL, Gabraele M, Sarrel PM, de Ziegler D, Collins P.  Natural progesterone, but not medroxyprogesterone acetate, enhances the beneficial effect of estrogen on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia in postmenopausal women.  J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000 Dec;36(7):2154-9

941. Rouleau JR, Dagnault A, Simard D, Lavallee B, Belanger A, Blouin A, Kingma JG Jr.  Effect of estrogen replacement therapy on distribution of myocardial blood flow in female anesthetized rabbits.  Jr Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol  2001;281(3):H1407-12

Testosterone treatment

942. Wu SZ, Weng XZ. Therapeutic effects of an androgenic preparation on myocardial ischemia and cardiac function in 62 elderly male coronary heart disease patients. Chin Med J (Engl). 1993 Jun;106(6):415-8

943. Rosano GM, Leonardo F, Pagnotta P, Pelliccia F, Panina G, Cerquetani E, della Monica PL, Bonfigli B, Volpe M, Chierchia SL.  Acute anti-ischemic effect of testosterone in men with coronary artery disease.  Circulation. 1999 Apr 6;99(13):1666-70

944. Malkin CJ, Pugh PJ, Morris PD, Kerry KE, Jones RD, Jones TH, Channer KS. Testosterone replacement in hypogonadal men with angina improves ischaemic threshold and quality of life. Heart. 2004 Aug;90(8):871-6

 

Stroke: The efficacy of hormone treatments

 

Melatonin treatment

945. Cho S, Joh TH, Baik HH, Dibinis C, Volpe BT. Melatonin administration protects CA1 hippocampal neurons after transient forebrain ischemia in rats. Brain Res  1997 May 2;755(2):335-8

946. Pei Z, Ho HT, Cheung RT. Pre-treatment with melatonin reduces volume of cerebral infarction in a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke model in the rat. Neurosci Lett  2002 Feb 1;318(3):141-4

947. Pei Z, Pang SF, Cheung RT. Pretreatment with melatonin reduces volume of cerebral infarction in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke model. J Pineal Res  2002 Apr;32(3):168-72

948. Sinha K, Degaonkar MN, Jagannathan NR, Gupta YK. Effect of melatonin on ischemia reperfusion injury induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Eur J Pharmacol  2001 Oct 5;428(2):185-92

949. Borlongan CV, Yamamoto M, Takei N, Kumazaki M, Ungsuparkorn C, Hida H, Sanberg PR, Nishino H.Glial cell survival is enhanced during melatonin-induced neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia. FASEB J  2000 Jul;14(10):1307-17

950. Letechipia-Vallejo G, Gonzalez-Burgos I, Cervantes M. Neuroprotective effect of melatonin on brain damage induced by acute global cerebral ischemia in cats. Arch Med Res  2001 May-Jun;32(3):186-92

DHEA treatment

951. Bednarek-Tupikowska G, et al. Influence of dehydroepiandrosterone on platelet aggregation, superoxide dismutase activity and serum lipid peroxide concentrations in rabbits with induced hypercholesterolemia. Med Sci Monit. 2000;6(1):40-5

Estrogen treatment

9521. Scarabin PY, Alhenc-Gelas M, Plu-Bureau G, Taisne P, Agher R, Aiach M. Effects of oral and transdermal estrogen/progesterone regimens on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in postmenopausal women. A randomized controlled trial. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997 Nov;17(11):3071-8

953. Frohlich M, Schunkert H, Hense HW, Tropitzsch A, Hendricks P, Doring A, Riegger GA, Koenig W. Effects of hormone replacement therapies on fibrinogen and plasma viscosity in postmenopausal women. Br J Haematol. 1998 Mar;100(3):577-81

954. Simpkins JW, Rajakumar G, Zhang YQ, Simpkins CE, Greenwald D, Yu CJ, Bodor N, Day AL.   Estrogens may reduce mortality and ischemic damage caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion in the female rat. J Neurosurg. 1997 Nov;87(5):724-30

955. Rusa R, Alkayed NJ, Crain BJ, Traystman RJ, Kimes AS, London ED, Klaus JA, Hurn PD 17beta-estradiol reduces stroke injury in estrogen-deficient female animals. Stroke. 1999 Aug;30(8):1665-70

Testosterone treatment

956. Pan Y, Zhang H, Acharya AB, Patrick PH, Oliver D, Morley JE.  Effect of testosterone on functional recovery in a castrate male rat stroke model. Brain Res. 2005 May 10;1043(1-2):195-204

 

Obesity: The efficacy of hormone treatments

 

GH treatment

957. Rudman D, Feller AG, Nagraj HS, Gergans GA, Lalitha PY, Goldberg AF, Schlenker RA, Cohn L, Rudman IW, Mattson DE. Effects of human growth hormone in men over 60 years old. N Engl J Med  1990 Jul 5;323(1):1-6

958. Rudman D, Feller AG, Cohn L, Shetty KR, Rudman IW, Draper MW. Effects of human growth hormone on body composition in elderly men. Horm Res  1991;36 Suppl 1:73-81

959. Bengtsson BA, Eden S, Lonn L, Kvist H, Stokland A, Lindstedt G, Bosaeus I, Tolli J, Sjostrom L, Isaksson OG. Treatment of adults with growth hormone (GH) deficiency with recombinant human GH. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993 Feb;76(2):309-17

960. Munzer T, Harman SM, Hees P, Shapiro E, Christmas C, Bellantoni MF, Stevens TE, O'Connor KG, Pabst KM, St Clair C, Sorkin JD, Blackman MR. Effects of GH and/or sex steroid administration on abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat in healthy aged women and men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Aug;86(8):3604-10

961. Rodriguez-Arnao J, Jabbar A, Fulcher K, Besser GM, Ross RJ. Effects of growth hormone replacement on physical performance and body composition in GH deficient adults. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)  1999 Jul;51(1):53-60

962. Soares CN, Musolino NR, Cunha Neto M, Caires MA, Rosenthal MC, Camargo CP, Bronstein MD.Impact of recombinant human growth hormone (RH-GH) treatment on psychiatric, neuropsychological and clinical profiles of GH deficient adults. A placebo-controlled trial. Arq Neuropsiquiatr  1999 Jun;57(2A):182-9

963. Fernholm R, Bramnert M, Hagg E, Hilding A, Baylink DJ, Mohan S, Thoren M. Growth hormone replacement therapy improves body composition and increases bone metabolism in elderly patients with pituitary disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab  2000 Nov;85(11):4104-12 

964. Attanasio AF, Lamberts SW, Matranga AM, Birkett MA, Bates PC, Valk NK, Hilsted J, Bengtsson BA, Strasburger CJ.Adult growth hormone (GH)-deficient patients demonstrate heterogeneity between childhood onset and adult onset before and during human GH treatment. Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency Study Group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab  1997 Jan;82(1):82-8

965. Beshyah SA, Freemantle C, Shahi M, Anyaoku V, Merson S, Lynch S, Skinner E, Sharp P, Foale R, Johnston DG. Replacement treatment with biosynthetic human growth hormone in growth hormone-deficient hypopituitary adults Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)  1995 Jan;42(1):73-84

966. Moorkens G, Wynants H, Abs R. Effect of growth hormone treatment in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: a preliminary study. Growth Horm IGF Res  1998 Apr;8 Suppl B:131-3

967. Lo JC, Mulligan K, Noor MA, Schwarz JM, Halvorsen RA, Grunfeld C, Schambelan M. The effects of recombinant human growth hormone on body composition and glucose metabolism in HIV-infected patients with fat accumulation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab  2001 Aug;86(8):3480-7

968. Christ ER, Cummings MH, Albany E, Umpleby AM, Lumb PJ, Wierzbicki AS, Naoumova RP, Boroujerdi MA, Sonksen PH, Russell-Jones DL. Effects of growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy on very low density lipoprotein apolipoprotein B100 kinetics in patients with adult GH deficiency: a stable isotope study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab  1999 Jan;84(1):307-16

969. Florkowski CM, Collier GR, Zimmet PZ, Livesey JH, Espiner EA, Donald RA.Low-dose growth hormone replacement lowers plasma leptin and fat stores without affecting body mass index in adults with growth hormone deficiency. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)  1996 Dec;45(6):769-73

970. Ezzat S, Fear S, Gaillard RC, Gayle C, Landy H, Marcovitz S, Mattioni T, Nussey S, Rees A, Svanberg E.Gender-specific responses of lean body composition and non-gender-specific cardiac function improvement after GH replacement in GH-deficient adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab  2002 Jun;87(6):2725-33 

971. Weaver JU, Monson JP, Noonan K, John WG, Edwards A, Evans KA, Cunningham J. The effect of low dose recombinant human growth hormone replacement on regional fat distribution, insulin sensitivity, and cardiovascular risk factors in hypopituitary adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab  1995 Jan;80(1):153-9 

972. Vahl N, Jorgensen JO, Hansen TB, Klausen IB, Jurik AG, Hagen C, Christiansen JS. The favourable effects of growth hormone (GH) substitution on hypercholesterolaemia in GH-deficient adults are not associated with concomitant reductions in adiposity. A 12 month placebo-controlled study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord  1998 Jun;22(6):529-36

973. Hansen TB, Gram J, Jensen PB, Kristiansen JH, Ekelund B, Christiansen JS, Pedersen FB. Influence of growth hormone on whole body and regional soft tissue composition in adult patients on hemodialysis. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Clin Nephrol  2000 Feb;53(2):99-107

974. Fisker S, Vahl N, Hansen TB, Jorgensen JO, Hagen C, Orskov H, Christiansen JS.  Growth hormone (GH) substitution for one year normalizes elevated GH-binding protein levels in GH-deficient adults secondary to a reduction in body fat. A placebo-controlled trial. Growth Horm IGF Res  1998 Apr;8(2):105-12 

975. Baum HB, Biller BM, Finkelstein JS, Cannistraro KB, Oppenhein DS, Schoenfeld DA, Michel TH, Wittink H, Klibanski A. Effects of physiologic growth hormone therapy on bone density and body composition in patients with adult-onset growth hormone deficiency. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med  1996 Dec 1;125(11):883-90

976. Burman P, Johansson AG, Siegbahn A, Vessby B, Karlsson FA. Growth hormone (GH)-deficient men are more responsive to GH replacement therapy than women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab  1997 Feb;82(2):550-5

977. Schambelan M, Mulligan K, Grunfeld C, Daar ES, LaMarca A, Kotler DP, Wang J, Bozzette SA, Breitmeyer JB. Recombinant human growth hormone in patients with HIV-associated wasting. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Serostim Study Group.  Ann Intern Med  1996 Dec 1;125(11):873-82 

978. Lee PD, Pivarnik JM, Bukar JG, Muurahainen N, Berry PS, Skolnik PR, Nerad JL, Kudsk KA, Jackson L, Ellis KJ, Gesundheit N. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of combined insulin-like growth factor I and low dose growth hormone therapy for wasting associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Clin Endocrinol Metab  1996 Aug;81(8):2968-75

979. Toogood AA, Shalet SM.Growth hormone replacement therapy in the elderly with hypothalamic-pituitary disease: a dose-finding study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab  1999 Jan;84(1):131-6

Melatonin treatment

980. Rasmussen DD, Boldt BM, Wilkinson CW, Yellon SM, Matsumoto AM. Daily melatonin administration at middle age suppresses male rat visceral fat, plasma leptin, and plasma insulin to youthful levels. Endocrinology  1999 Feb;140(2):1009-12

981. Wolden-Hanson T, Mitton DR, McCants RL, Yellon SM, Wilkinson CW, Matsumoto AM, Rasmussen DD. Daily melatonin administration to middle-aged male rats suppresses body weight, intraabdominal adiposity, and plasma leptin and insulin independent of food intake and total body fat. Endocrinology. 2000 Feb;141(2):487-97

982. Rasmussen DD, Mitton DR, Larsen SA, Yellon SM. Aging-dependent changes in the effect of daily melatonin supplementation on rat metabolic and behavioral responses. J Pineal Res  2001 Aug;31(1):89-94

983. Bartness TJ, Wade GN. Body weight, food intake and energy regulation in exercising and melatonin-treated Siberian hamsters. Physiol Behav  1985 Nov;35(5):805-8

984. Zeman M, Vyboh P, Jurani M, Lamosova D, Kostal L, Bilcik B, Blazicek P, Juraniova E. Effects of exogenous melatonin on some endocrine, behavioural and metabolic parameters in Japanese quail Coturnix coturnix japonica. Comp Biochem Physiol Comp Physiol  1993 Jun;105(2):323-8

Thyroid treatment

985. Moore R, Grant AM, Howard AN, Mills IH.   Treatment of obesity with triiodothyronine and a very-low-calorie liquid formula diet. Lancet. 1980 Feb 2;1(8162):223-6

986. Gelvin EP, Kenigsberg S, Boyd LJ.  Results of addition of liothyronine to a weight-reducing regimen.J Am Med Assoc. 1959 Jul 25;170(13):1507-12

987. Rozen R, Abraham G, Falcou R, Apfelbaum M. Effects of a 'physiological' dose of triiodothyronine on obese subjects during a protein-sparing diet. Int J Obes. 1986;10(4):303-12

988. Pasquali R, Baraldi G, Biso P, Piazzi S, Patrono D, Capelli M, Melchionda N. Effect of 'physiological' doses of triiodothyronine replacement on the hormonal and metabolic adaptation to short-term semistarvation and to low-calorie diet in obese patients. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1984 Oct;21(4):357-67

989. Koppeschaar HP, Meinders AE, Schwarz F. Metabolic responses in grossly obese subjects treated with a very-low-calorie diet with and without triiodothyronine treatment. Int J Obes. 1983;7(2):133-41

990. Koppeschaar HP, Meinders AE, Schwarz F. The effect of a low-calorie diet alone and in combination with triiodothyronine therapy on weight loss and hypophyseal thyroid function in obesity. Int J Obes. 1983;7(2):123-31

991. Wilson JH, Lamberts SW. The effect of triiodothyronine on weight loss and nitrogen balance of obese

patients on a very-low-calorie liquid-formula diet. Int J Obes. 1981;5(3):279-82

992. Moore R, Mehrishi JN, Verdoorn C, Mills IH. The role of T3 and its receptor in efficient metabolisers receiving very-low-calorie diets. Int J Obes. 1981;5(3):283-6

993. Moore R, Grant AM, Howard AN, Mills IH.  Treatment of obesity with triioidothyronine and a very low caorie liquid formula diet. Lancet 1980 Feb. 2;223-6

DHEA treatment

994. Villareal DT, Holloszy JO, Kohrt WM. Effects of DHEA replacement on bone mineral density and body composition in elderly women and men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2000;53(5):561-8

995. Nestler JE, Barlascini CO, Clore JN, Blackard WG. Dehydroepiandrosterone reduces serum low density lipoprotein levels and body fat but does not alter insulin sensitivity in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1988;66(1):57-61

996. Abrahamsson L, Hackl H. Catabolic effects and the influence on hormonal variables under treatment with Gynodian-Depot or dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) oenanthate. Maturitas. 1981;3(3-4):225-34

Estradiol treatment

997. Sorensen MB, Rosenfalck AM, Hojgaard L, Ottesen B.  Obesity and sarcopenia after menopause are reversed by sex hormone replacement therapy.  Obes Res. 2001 Oct;9(10):622-6

998. Tofovic SP, Dubey RK, Jackson EK. 2-Hydroxyestradiol attenuates the development of obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and vascular and renal dysfunction in obese ZSF1 rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Dec;299(3):973-7

999. Chmouliovsky L, Habicht F, James RW, Lehmann T, Campana A, Golay A.  Beneficial effect of hormone replacement therapy on weight loss in obese menopausal women.  Maturitas. 1999 Aug 16;32(3):147-53.

1000. Davis SR, Walker KZ, Strauss BJ. Effects of estradiol with and without testosterone on body composition and relationships with lipids in postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2000 Nov-Dec;7(6):395-401

Testosterone treatment

1001. Boyanov MA, Boneva Z, Christov VG. Testosterone supplementation in men with type 2 diabetes, visceral obesity and partial androgen deficiency. Aging Male. 2003 Mar;6(1):1-7

1002. Marin P. Testosterone and regional fat distribution. Obes Res. 1995 Nov;3 Suppl 4:609S-612S

1003. Rebuffe-Scrive M, Marin P, Bjorntorp P. Effect of testosterone on abdominal adipose tissue in men. Int J Obes. 1991;15(11):791-5

 

Diabetes: The efficacy of hormone treatments

 

GH treatment

1004. Gotherstrom G, Svensson J, Koranyi J, Alpsten M, Bosaeus I, Bengtsson B, Johannsson G. A prospective study of 5 years of GH replacement therapy in GH-deficient adults: sustained effects on body composition, bone mass, and metabolic indices. J Clin Endocrinol Metab  2001 Oct;86(10):4657-65

1005. Svensson J, Fowelin J, Landin K, Bengtsson BA, Johansson JO. Effects of seven years of GH-replacement therapy on insulin sensitivity in GH-deficient adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 May;87(5):2121-7

1006. Clayton KL, Holly JM, Carlsson LM, Jones J, Cheetham TD, Taylor AM, Dunger DB. Loss of the normal relationships between growth hormone, growth hormone-binding protein and insulin-like growth factor-I in adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1994 Oct;41(4):517-24.

Melatonin treatment

1007. Andersson AK, Sandler S. Melatonin protects against streptozotocin, but not interleukin-1beta-induced damage of rodent pancreatic beta-cells. J Pineal Res  2001 Apr;30(3):157-65

1008. Montilla PL, Vargas JF, Tunez IF, Munoz de Agueda MC, Valdelvira ME, Cabrera ES. Oxidative stress in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin: protective effects of melatonin. J Pineal Res  1998 Sep;25(2):94-100

1009. Ha H, Yu MR, Kim KH. Melatonin and taurine reduce early glomerulopathy in diabetic rats. Free Radic Biol Med  1999 Apr;26(7-8):944-50

1010. Baydas G, Canatan H, Turkoglu A. Comparative analysis of the protective effects of melatonin and vitamin E on streptozocin-induced diabetes mellitus. J Pineal Res  2002 May;32(4):225-30 

1011. Gorgun FM, Ozturk Z, Gumustas MK, Kokogu E. Melatonin administration affects plasma total sialic acid and lipid peroxidation levels in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. J Toxicol Environ Health A  2002 May 24;65(10):695-700

1012. Shima T, Chun SJ, Niijima A, Bizot-Espiard JG, Guardiola-Lemaitre B, Hosokawa M, Nagai K.Melatonin suppresses hyperglycemia caused by intracerebroventricular injection of 2-deoxy-D-glucose in rats. Neurosci Lett  1997 Apr 25;226(2):119-22

1013. Nishida S, Segawa T, Murai I, Nakagawa S. Long-term melatonin administration reduces hyperinsulinemia and improves the altered fatty-acid compositions in type 2 diabetic rats via the restoration of Delta-5 desaturase activity. J Pineal Res  2002 Jan;32(1):26-33

1014. Abdel-Wahab MH, Abd-Allah AR. Possible protective effect of melatonin and/or desferrioxamine against streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemia in mice. Pharmacol Res  2000 May;41(5):533-7

DHEA treatment

1015. Coleman DL, Leiter EH, Schwizer RW.   Therapeutic effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in diabetic mice. Diabetes. 1982 Sep;31(9):830-3

1016. Gansler TS, Muller S, Cleary MP.  Chronic administration of dehydroepiandrosterone reduces pancreatic beta-cell hyperplasia and hyperinsulinemia in genetically obese Zucker rats. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1985 Oct;180(1):155-62

1017. Bates GW Jr, Egerman RS, Umstot ES, Buster JE, Casson PR. Dehydroepiandrosterone attenuates study-induced declines in insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1995;774:291-3

1018. Lasco A, Frisina N, Morabito N, Gaudio A, Morini E, Trifiletti A, Basile G,Nicita-Mauro V, Cucinotta D. Metabolic effects of dehydroepiandrosterone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. Eur J Endocrinol 2001 Oct;145(4):457-61

Estrogen treatment

1019. Mattsson LA, Hahn L, Marin P, Lapidus L, Holm G, Bengtsson BA, Bjorntorp P. Estrogen replacement therapy decreases hyperandrogenicity and improves glucose homeostasis and plasma lipids in postmenopausal women with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 Feb;82(2):638-43

1020. Rossi R, Origliani G, Modena MG. Transdermal 17-beta-estradiol and risk of developing type 2 diabetes in a population of healthy, nonobese postmenopausal women. Diabetes Care. 2004 Mar;27(3):645-9

1021. Raudaskoski T, Tomas C, Laatikainen T. Insulin sensitivity during postmenopausal hormone replacement with transdermal estradiol and intrauterine levonorgestrel. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1999 Jul;78(6):540-5

1022. Cucinelli F, Paparella P, Soranna L, Barini A, Cinque B, Mancuso S, Lanzone A. Differential effect of transdermal estrogen plus progestagen replacement therapy on insulin metabolism in postmenopausal women: relation to their insulinemic secretion. Eur J Endocrinol 1999 Mar;140(3):215-23

1023. Cagnacci A, Tuveri F, Cirillo R, Setteneri AM, Melis GB, Volpe A. The effect of transdermal 17-beta-estradiol on glucose metabolism of postmenopausal women is evident during the oral but not the intravenous glucose administration. Maturitas 1997 Dec 15;28(2):163-7

1024. O'Sullivan AJ, Ho KK. A comparison of the effects of oral and transdermal estrogen replacement on insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995 Jun;80(6):1783-8

1025. Cagnacci A, Soldani R, Carriero PL, Paoletti AM, Fioretti P, Melis GB. Effects of low doses of transdermal 17 beta-estradiol on carbohydrate metabolism in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992 Jun;74(6):1396-400

1026. Spencer CP, Godsland IF, Cooper AJ, Ross D, Whitehead MI, Stevenson JC. Effects of oral and transdermal 17-beta-estradiol with cyclical oralnorethindrone acetate on insulin sensitivity, secretion, and elimination in postmenopausal women. Metabolism 2000 Jun;49(6):742-7

Testostesterone treatment

1027. Marin P, Holmang S, Jonsson L, Sjostrom L, Kvist H, Holm G, Lindstedt G, Bjorntorp P. The effects of testosterone treatment on body composition and metabolism in middle-aged obese men. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1992 Dec;16(12):991-7

1028. Marin P, Krotkiewski M, Bjorntorp P. Androgen treatment of middle-aged, obese men: effects on metabolism, muscle and adipose tissues. Eur J Med 1992 Oct;1(6):329-36

1029. Simon JA, Mazer NA, Wekselman K. Safety profile: transdermal testosterone treatment of women after oophorectomy. Obstet Gynecol 2001 Apr;97(4 Suppl 1):S10-S11

 

Rheumatism: The efficacy of hormone treatments

 

Melatonin treatment

1030. Citera G, Arias MA, Maldonado-Cocco JA, Lazaro MA, Rosemffet MG, Brusco LI, Scheines EJ, Cardinalli DP. The effect of melatonin in patients with fibromyalgia: a pilot study. Clin Rheumatol.  2000;19(1):9-13

Calcitonin treatment

1031. Aida S, Okawa-Takatsuji M, Aotsuka S, Shimoji K, Yokohari R. Calcitonin inhibits production of immunoglobulins, rheumatoid factor and interleukin-1 by mononuclear cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1994 Apr;53(4):247-9

Thyroid treatment

1032. Kloppenburg M, Dijkmans BA, Rasker JJ.   Effect of therapy for thyroid dysfunction on musculoskeletal symptoms. Clin Rheumatol. 1993 Sep;12(3):341-5

1033. Gledhill RF, Dessein PH, Van der Merwe CA. Treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon with triiodothyronine corrects co-existent autonomic dysfunction: preliminary findings. Postgrad Med J. 1992 Apr;68(798):263-7

DHEA treatment

1034. Robinzon B, Cutolo M. Should dehydroepiandrosterone replacement therapy be provided with glucocorticoids? Rheumatology (Oxford). 1999;38(6):488-95

1035. Straub RH, Scholmerich J, Zietz B.  Replacement therapy with DHEA plus corticosteroids in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases--substitutes of adrenal and sex hormones.  Z Rheumatol.  2000;59 Suppl 2:II/108-18

Cortisol treatment

1036. Criswell LA, Saag KG, Sems KM, Welch V, Shea B, Wells G, Suarez-Almazor ME. Moderate-term, low-dose corticosteroids for rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD001158

1037. Stenberg VI, Fiechtner JJ, Rice JR, Miller DR, Johnson LK. Endocrine control of inflammation: rheumatoid arthritis double-blind, crossover clinical trial. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res. 1992;12(1):11-8

1038. Kirwan JR, Lim KK. Low dose corticosteroids in early rheumatoid arthritis. Can these drugs slow disease progression? Drugs Aging. 1996 Mar;8(3):157-61

1039. Gerlag DM, Haringman JJ, Smeets TJ, Zwinderman AH, Kraan MC, Laud PJ, Morgan S, Nash AF, Tak PP. Effects of oral prednisolone on biomarkers in synovial tissue and clinical improvement in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Dec;50(12):3783-91

1040. Ehrlich HP, Tarver H, Hunt TK.   Effects of vitamin A and glucocorticoids upon inflammation and collagen synthesis. Ann Surg. 1973 Feb;177(2):222-7

1041. Da Silva JA, Bijlsma JW. Optimizing glucocorticoid therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2000 Nov;26(4):859-80

Estrogen treatment

1042. Doran MF, Crowson CS, O'Fallon WM, Gabriel SE. The effect of oral contraceptives and estrogen replacement therapy on the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a population based study. J Rheumatol. 2004 Feb;31(2):207-13

1043. D'Elia HF, Larsen A, Mattsson LA, Waltbrand E, Kvist G, Mellstrom D, Saxne T, Ohlsson C, Nordborg E, Carlsten H. Influence of hormone replacement therapy on disease progression and bone mineral density in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2003 Jul;30(7):1456-63

1044. Hall GM, Daniels M, Huskisson EC, Spector TD. A randomised controlled trial of the effect of hormone replacement therapy on disease activity in postmenopausal rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1994 Feb;53(2):112-6

1045. MacDonald AG, Murphy EA, Capell HA, Bankowska UZ, Ralston SH. Effects of hormone replacement therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: a double blind placebo-controlled study. Ann Rheum Dis. 1994 Jan;53(1):54-7

1046. Vandenbroucke JP, Witteman JC, Valkenburg HA, Boersma JW, Cats A, Festen JJ, Hartman AP, Huber-Bruning O, Rasker JJ, Weber J. Noncontraceptive hormones and rheumatoid arthritis in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. JAMA. 1986 Mar 14;255(10):1299-303

Testosterone treatment

1047. Cutolo M, Balleari E, Giusti M, Intra E, Accardo S. Androgen replacement therapy in male patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1991 Jan;34(1):1-5

 

Osteoporosis: The efficacy of hormone treatments

 

GH treatment

1048. ter Maaten JC, de Boer H, Kamp O, Stuurman L, van der Veen EA. Long-term effects of growth hormone (GH) replacement in men with childhood-onset GH deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Jul;84(7):2373-80

1049. Gomez JM, Gomez N, Fiter J, Soler J. Effects of long-term treatment with GH in the bone mineral density of adults with hypopituitarism and GH deficiency and after discontinuation of GH replacement. Horm Metab Res  2000 Feb;32(2):66-70

1050. Baum HB, Biller BM, Finkelstein JS, Cannistraro KB, Oppenhein DS, Schoenfeld DA, Michel TH, Wittink H, Klibanski A. Effects of physiologic growth hormone therapy on bone density and body composition in patients with adult-onset growth hormone deficiency. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med  1996 Dec 1;125(11):883-90 

1051. Valimaki MJ, Salmela PI, Salmi J, Viikari J, Kataja M, Turunen H, Soppi E. Effects of 42 months of GH treatment on bone mineral density and bone turnover in GH-deficient adults. Eur J Endocrinol  1999 Jun;140(6):545-54 

1052. Vandeweghe M, Taelman P, Kaufman JM.Short and long-term effects of growth hormone treatment on bone turnover and bone mineral content in adult growth hormone-deficient males. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)  1993 Oct;39(4):409-15

1053. Clanget C, Seck T, Hinke V, Wuster C, Ziegler R, Pfeilschifter J. Effects of 6 years of growth hormone (GH) treatment on bone mineral density in GH-deficient adults. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)  2001 Jul;55(1):93-9

1054. Beshyah SA, Thomas E, Kyd P, Sharp P, Fairney A, Johnston DG. The effect of growth hormone replacement therapy in hypopituitary adults on calcium and bone metabolism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)  1994 Mar;40(3):383-91

1055. Biller BM, Sesmilo G, Baum HB, Hayden D, Schoenfeld D, Klibanski A.Withdrawal of long-term physiological growth hormone (GH) administration: differential effects on bone density and body composition in men with adult-onset GH deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab  2000 Mar;85(3):970-6

1056. Benbassat CA, Wass rman M, Laron Z. Changes in bone mineral density after discontinuation and early reinstitution of growth hormone (GH) in patients with childhood-onset GH deficiency. Growth Horm IGF Res  1999 Oct;9(5):290-5

1057. Sartorio A, Ortolani S, Galbiati E, Conte G, Vangeli V, Arosio M, Porretti S, Faglia . Effects of 12-month GH treatment on bone metabolism and bone mineral density in adults with adult-onset GH deficiency. J Endocrinol Invest  2001 Apr;24(4):224-30 

1058. Finkenstedt G, Gasser RW, Hofle G, Watfah C, Fridrich L. Effects of growth hormone (GH) replacement on bone metabolism and mineral density in adult onset of GH deficiency: results of a double-blind placebo- controlled study with open follow-up. Eur J Endocrinol. 1997 Mar ; 136(3) :282-9

Melatonin treatment

1059. Ostrowska Z, Kos-Kudla B, Marek B, Kajdaniuk D, Staszewicz P, Szapska B, Strzelczyk J. The influence of pinealectomy and melatonin administration on the dynamic pattern of biochemical markers of bone metabolism in experimental osteoporosis in the rat. Neuroendocrinol Lett  2002 Apr;23 Suppl 1:104-9

1060. Koyama H, Nakade O, Takada Y, Kaku T, Lau KH. Melatonin at pharmacologic doses increases bone mass by suppressing resorption through down-regulation of the RANKL-mediated osteoclast formation and activation. J Bone Miner Res  2002 Jul;17(7):1219-29

1061. Hakanson DO, Bergstrom WH. Pineal and adrenal effects on calcium homeostasis in the rat. Pediatr Res  1990 Jun;27(6):571-3

1062. Hakanson DO, Penny R, Bergstrom WH. Calcemic responses to photic and pharmacologic manipulation of serum melatonin. Pediatr Res  1987 Oct;22(4):414-6

1063. Hakanson DO, Bergstrom WH. Phototherapy-induced hypocalcemia in newborn rats: prevention by melatonin. Science  1981 Nov 13;214(4522):807-9

1064. Ladizesky MG, Boggio V, Albornoz LE, Castrillon PO, Mautalen C, Cardinali DP. Melatonin increases oestradiol-induced bone formation in ovariectomized rats. J Pineal Res  2003 Mar;34(2):143-51

Thyroid treatment

1065. Svanberg E, Healey J, Mascarenhas D. Anabolic effects of rhIGF-I/IGFBP-3 in vivo are influenced by thyroid status. Eur J Clin Invest. 2001 Apr;31(4):329-36.

Calcitonin treatment

1066. Mazzuoli G, Passeri M, Gennari C, Minisola S, Antonelli R, Valtorta C, Palummeri E, Cervellin F, Gonelli S, Francini G.  Effects of salmon calcitonin in postmenopausal osteoporosis: A controlled double-blind clinical study. Calcif. Tissue Int. 1986; 38: 3-8

1067. Overgaard K, Hansen MA, Jensen SB, Christiansen C. Effect of salcatonin intranasally on bone mass and fracture rates in established osteoporosis: A dose-response study. Br Med J. 1992; 305, 556-561

1068. MacIntyre I, Whitehead MI, Banks LM, Stevenson JC, Wimalwansa SJ, Healy MJR. Calcitonin for prevention of postmenopausal bone loss. Lancet 1988; 1: 900-2

1069. Mango D, Ricci S, Manna P, Natili G, Dell'Acqua S. Preventive treatment of cortical bone loss with salmon nasal calcitonin in early postmenopausal women. Minerva Endocrinol. 1993 Sep;18(3):115-21

DHEA treatment

1070. Baulieu EE, Thomas G, Legrain S, Lahlou N, Roger M, Debuire B, Faucounau V, Girard L, Hervy MP, Latour F, Leaud MC, Mokrane A, Pitti-Ferrandi H, Trivalle C, de Lacharriere O, Nouveau S, Rakoto-Arison B, Souberbielle JC, Raison J, Le Bouc Y, Raynaud A, Girerd X, Forette F.  Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate, and aging: contribution of the DHEAge Study to a sociobiomedical issue. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000;97(8):4279-84

1071. Sun Y, Mao M, Sun L, Feng Y, Yang J, Shen P Treatment of osteoporosis in men using dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Chin Med J (Engl) 2002 Mar;115(3):402-4

1072. Labrie F, Diamond P, Cusan L, Gomez JL, Belanger A, Candas B. Effect of 12-month dehydroepiandrosterone replacement therapy on bone, vagina, and endometrium in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82(10):3498-505

1073. Mortola JF, Yen SS. The effects of oral dehydroepiandrosterone on endocrine-metabolic parameters in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990;71(3):696-704

Transdermal estradiol treatment

1074. Riis BJ, Thomsen K, Strom V, Christiansen C.   The effect of percutaneous estradiol and natural progesterone on postmenopausal bone loss. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1987 Jan;156(1):61-5

1075. Christiansen C, Christensen MS, Transbol I.  Bone mass in postmenopausal women after withdrawal of oestrogen/gestagen replacement therapy. Lancet. 1981 Feb 28;1(8218):459-61

Testosterone treatment

1076. Anderson FH, Francis RM, Faulkner K. Androgen supplementation in eugonadal men with osteoporosis-effects of 6 months of treatment on bone mineral density and cardiovascular risk factors. Bone. 1996 Feb;18(2):11-7

1077. Katznelson L, Finkelstein JS, Schoenfeld DA, Rosenthal DI, Anderson EJ, Klibanski A.   Increase in bone density and lean body mass during testosterone administration in men with acquired hypogonadism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996 Dec;81(12):4358-65

1078. Isaia G, Mussetta M, Pecchio F, Sciolla A, di Stefano M, Molinatti GM.   Effect of testosterone on bone in hypogonadal males. Maturitas. 1992 Aug;15(1):47-51

1079. Salamano G, Isaia GC, Pecchio F, Appendino S, Mussetta M, Molinatti GM. Effect on phospho-calcium metabolism of testosterone administration in hypogonadal males. Arch Ital Urol Nefrol Androl. 1990 Mar;62(1):149-53

1080. Diamond T, Stiel D, Posen S.   Effects of testosterone and venesection on spinal and peripheral bone mineral in six hypogonadal men with hemochromatosis. J Bone Miner Res. 1991 Jan;6(1):39-43

1081. Kenny AM, Prestwood KM, Gruman CA, Marcello KM, Raisz LG. Effects of transdermal testosterone on bone and muscle in older men with low bioavailable testosterone levels. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001 May;56(5):M266-72

1082. Snyder PJ, Peachey H, Berlin JA, Hannoush P, Haddad G, Dlewati A, Santanna J, Loh L, Lenrow DA, Holmes JH, Kapoor SC, Atkinson LE, Strom BL. Effects of testosterone replacement in hypogonadal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Aug;85(8):2670-7

1083. Snyder PJ, Peachey H, Hannoush P, Berlin JA, Loh L, Holmes JH, Dlewati A, Staley J, Santanna J, Kapoor SC, Attie MF, Haddad JG Jr, Strom BL.   Effect of testosterone treatment on bone mineral density in men over 65 years of age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Jun;84(6):1966-72

 

Cancer: The preventive or curative efficacy of hormone treatments

 

GH/IGF-1 treatment

1084. Torosian MH.   Growth hormone and prostate cancer growth and metastasis in tumor-bearing animals. J Pediatr Endocrinol. 1993 Jan-Mar;6(1):93-7.

1085. Ng EH, Rock CS, Lazarus DD, Stiaino-Coico L, Moldawer LL, Lowry SF.   Insulin-like growth factor I preserves host lean tissue mass in cancer cachexia. Am J Physiol. 1992 Mar;262(3 Pt 2):R426-31

1086. Bartlett DL, Charland S, Torosian MH. Growth hormone, insulin, and somatostatin therapy of cancer cachexia. Cancer. 1994 Mar 1;73(5):1499-504

Melatonin treatment

1087. Lissoni P, Barni S, Ardizzoia A, Paolorossi F, Crispino S, Tancini G, Tisi E, Archili C, De Toma D, Pipino G, et al. Randomized study with the pineal hormone melatonin versus supportive care alone in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer resistant to a first-line chemotherapy containing cisplatin. Oncology  1992;49(5):336-9

1088. Lissoni P, Brivio O, Brivio F, Barni S, Tancini G, Crippa D, Meregalli S. Adjuvant therapy with the pineal hormone melatonin in patients with lymph node relapse due to malignant melanoma. J Pineal Res  1996 Nov;21(4):239-42

1089. Lissoni P. Is there a role for melatonin in supportive care? Support Care Cancer  2002 Mar;10(2):110-6

1090. Lissoni P, Rovelli F, Malugani F, Bucovec R, Conti A, Maestroni GJ. Anti-angiogenic activity of melatonin in advanced cancer patients. Neuroendocrinol Lett  2001;22(1):45-7

1091. Neri B, de Leonardis V, Gemelli MT, di Loro F, Mottola A, Ponchietti R, Raugei A, Cini G. Melatonin as biological response modifier in cancer patients. Anticancer Res  1998 Mar-Apr;18(2B):1329-32

1092. Lissoni P, Paolorossi F, Tancini G, Barni S, Ardizzoia A, Brivio F, Zubelewicz B, Chatikhine V.Is there a role for melatonin in the treatment of neoplastic cachexia? Eur J Cancer  1996 Jul;32A(8):1340-3

1093. Gonzalez R, Sanchez A, Ferguson JA, Balmer C, Daniel C, Cohn A, Robinson WA. Melatonin therapy of advanced human malignant melanoma. Melanoma Res  1991 Nov-Dec;1(4):237-43

1094. Bartsch C, Bartsch H.  Melatonin in cancer patients and in tumor-bearing animals. Adv Exp Med Biol  1999;467:247-64

1095. Cos S, Fernandez R, Guezmes A, Sanchez-Barcelo EJ.  Influence of melatonin on invasive and metastatic properties of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.  Cancer Res. 1998 Oct 1;58(19):4383-90

1096. Kossoy G, Ben-Hur H, Popovich I, Zabezhinski M, Anisimov V, Zusman I.  Melatonin and colon carcinogenesis.  IV. Effect of melatonin on proliferative activity and expression of apoptosis-related proteins in the spleen of rats exposed to 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. Oncol Rep. 2000 Nov-Dec;7(6):1401-5

1097. Kumar CA, Das UN. Effect of melatonin on two stage skin carcinogenesis in Swiss mice. Med Sci Monit. 2000 May-Jun;6(3):471-5

1098. Lissoni P, Paolorossi F, Ardizzoia A, Barni S, Chilelli M, Mancuso M, Tancini G, Conti A, Maestroni GJ.  A randomized study of chemotherapy with cisplatin plus etoposide versus chemoendocrine therapy with cisplatin, etoposide and the pineal hormone melatonin as a first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients in a poor clinical state.  J Pineal Res. 1997 Aug;23(1):15-9

1099. Lissoni P, Rovelli F, Frassineti A, Fumagalli L, Malysheva O, Conti A, Maestroni G. Oncostatic activity of pineal neuroendocrine treatment with the pineal indoles melatonin and 5-methoxytryptamine in untreatable metastatic cancer patients progressing on melatonin alone. Neuroendocrinol Lett.  2000;21(4):319-323

Thyroid treatment

1100. Schwartz SBS.  .The relationship of thyroid deficiency to cancer : a 50-year retrospective study.  J  IAPM, 1977, 6 (1) : 9-21  p 87

1101. Lacka K. Treatment with L-thyroxine for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Wiad Lek. 2001;54 Suppl 1:368-72

DHEA treatment

1102. Luo S, Sourla A, Labrie C, Belanger A, Labrie F. Combined effects of dehydroepiandrosterone and EM-800 on bone mass, serum lipids, and the development of dimethylbenz(A)anthracene-induced mammary carcinoma in the rat.  Endocrinology.  1997;138(10):4435-44

1103. Mcikova-Kalicka K, Bojkova B, Adamekova E, Mnichova-Chamilova M, Kubatka P, Ahlersova E, Ahlers I. Preventive effect of indomethacin and melatonin on 7, 12-dimethybenz/a/anthracene-induced mammary carcinogenesis in female Sprague-Dawley rats.  A preliminary report. Folia Biol (Praha). 2001;47(2):75-9

1104. Melvin WS, Boros LG, Muscarella P, Brandes JL, Johnson JA, Fisher WE,Schirmer WJ, Ellison EC.. Dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate inhibits pancreatic carcinoma cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Surgery 1997;121(4):392-7

1105. Nyce JW, Magee PN, Hard GC, Schwartz AG. Inhibition of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon tumorigenesis in Balb/c mice by dehydroepiandrosterone.  Carcinogenesis. 1984;5(1):57-62

1106. Orner GA, Hendricks JD, Arbogast D, Williams DE. Modulation of aflatoxin-B1 hepatocarcinogenesis in trout by dehydroepiandrosterone: initiation/post-initiation and latency effects. Carcinogenesis. 1998;19(1):161-7

1107. Rao KV, Johnson WD, Bosland MC, Lubet RA, Steele VE, Kelloff GJ, McCormick DL. Chemoprevention of rat prostate carcinogenesis by early and delayed administration of dehydroepiandrosterone. Cancer Res. 1999 Jul 1;59(13):3084-9.

1108. McCormick DL, Rao KV, Johnson WD, Bowman-Gram TA, Steele VE, Lubet RA, Kellof GJ. Exceptional chemopreventive activity of low-dose dehydroepiandrosterone in the rat mammary gland. Cancer Res. 1996 Apr 15;56(8):1724-6

1109. McCormick DL, Rao KV. Chemoprevention of hormone-dependent prostate cancer in the Wistar-Unilever rat. Eur Urol. 1999;35(5-6):464-7

Estrogen and progesterone treatment

1110. Henderson BE, Paganini-Hill,A, Ross RK. Decreased mortality in users of estrogen replacement therapy. Arch Intern Med 1991; 151:75

Study with reduced breast cancer risk in women with breast cysts and taking progesterone

1111. Plu-Bureau G, Le MG, Thalabard JC, Sitruk-Ware R, Mauvais-Jarvis P. Percutaneous progesterone use and risk of breast cancer: results from a Frenchcohort study of premenopausal women with benign breast disease. Cancer Detect Prev 1999;23(4):290-6

1112. Lauritzen C et al. Risks of endometrial and mammary cancer morbidity and mortality in long-term estrogen treatment. In The Climacteric -An Update, ed by van Herendael H & B, Riphagen FE, Goessens L, van der Pars H Lancaster, England, MTP Press Ltd 1984; 207

1113. Peters GN, Fodera T, Sabol J, Jones S, Euhus D. Estrogen replacement therapy after breast cancer: a 12-year follow-up. Ann Surg Oncol  2001 Dec;8(10):828-32

1114. Gambrell RD Jr. Hormones in the etiology and prevention of breast and endometrial cancer. South Med J.1984 Dec: 77(12): 1509-15.

1115. Gambrell RD Jr, Maier RC, Sanders BI. Decreased incidence of breast cancer in postmenopausal estrogen progestogen users.. Obstet Gynecol 1983 Oct;62(4):435-43

1116. Wingo PA, Layde PM, Lee NC, Rubin G, Ory HW. The risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women who have used estrogen replacement therapy. JAMA. 1987 Jan 9; 257(2): 209-15

1117. Nachtigall LE, Nachtigall RH, Nachtigall RD, Beckman EM. Estrogen replacement Il: A prospective study in the relationship to carcinoma and cardiovascular and metabolic problems. Obstet Gynecol. 1979; 54: 74-9

1118. Davelaar EM, Gerretsen G, Relyveld J.. No increase in the incidence of breast carcinoma with subcutaneous administration of estradiol Ned Tijdsch Geneeskd. 1991 Apr 6 ; 135(14): 613-5

1119. Rosenberg L, Miller DR, Kaufman DW, Helmrich SP, Stolley PD, Schottenfeld. D; Shapiro S. Breast cancer and oral contraceptive use. Am J Epidemiol 1984 Feb;119(2):167-76

1120. Kaufman DW, Miller DR, Rosenberg, Miller DR, Rosenberg L, Helmrich SP, Stolley P, Schottenfeld D, Shapiro S. Noncontraceptive estrogen use and the risk of breast JAMA 1984 Jul 6;252(1):63-7

1121. Hammond CB, Jelovsek FR, Lee KI, WT, Parker. Effects of long term estrogen replacement therapy. II - Neoplasia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1979; 133: 537

Reduced aggressivity of BC

Studies where estrogen therapy increased ilfespan in women with familial risk of breast cancer 1122. Sellers, TA, Mink, PJ, Cerhan, JR, g W, Anderson KE, Kushi LH, Folson AR. The role of hormone replacement therapy in the risk for breast cancer and total mortality in women with a family history of breast cancer. Ann Intern Med 1997; 127:973

Studies of estrogen treatment of womn with previous breast cancer: increased longevity/survival  & reduced recurren ce

1123. Wile AG, Opfell RW, Margileth DA. Hormone replacement therapy in previously treated breast cancer patients. Am J Surg. 1993 Mar;165(3):372-5

1124. O'Meara ES, Rossing MA, Daling JR, Elmore JG, Barlow WE, Weiss NS. Hormone replacement therapy after a diagnosis of breast cancer in relation to recurrence & mortality. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001;93(10):754-62

Studies where the use of HRT reduced recurrence of breast cancer

1125. Dew JE, Wren BG, Eden JA. Tamoxifen, hormone receptors & hormone replacement therapy in women previously treated for breast cancer: a cohort study. Climacteric. 2002;5(2):151-5

1126. Dew J, Eden J, Beller E, Magarey C, Schwartz P, Crea P, Wren B. A cohort study of hormone replacement therapy given to women previously treated for breast cancer. Climacteric.1998;1(2):137-42

1127. Durna EM, Wren BG, Heller GZ, Leader LR, Sjoblom P, Eden JA.  Hormone replacement therapy after a diagnosis of breast cancer: cancer recurrence and mortality.  Med J Aust. 2002 Oct 7;177(7):347-51

1128. Steinberg KK, Thacker SB, Smith SJ, Stroup DF, Zack MM, Flanders WD, Berkelman RL. A meta-analysis of the effect of estrogen replacement therapy on the risk of breast cancer.JAMA 1991 Apr 17;265(15):1985-90

1129. Grodstein F, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Manson JE, Joffe M, Rosner B, Fuchs C, Hankinson SE, Hunter DJ, Hennekens CH, Speizer FE. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and mortality. N Engl J Med 1997; 336:1769-75

1130. Mohammed SN, Smith P, Hodgson SV, Fentiman IS, Miles DW, Barnes DM, Millis RR, Rubens RD Family history and survival in premenopausal breast cancer. Br J Cancer 1998 Jun;77(12):2252-6

1131. Gajdos C, Tartter PI, Babinszki A. Breast cancer diagnosed during hormone replacement therapy. Obstet Gynecol 2000 Apr;95(4):513-8

1132. Holli K, Isola J, Cuzick J. Low biologic aggressiveness in breast cancer in women using hormone replacement therapy. J Clin Oncol 1998 Sep;16(9):3115-20

1133. Magnusson C, Holmberg L, Norden T, Lindgren A, Persson I. Prognostic characteristics in breast cancers after hormone replacement therapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1996;38(3):325-34

1134. Meurer LN, Lena S. Cancer recurrence and mortality in women using hormone replacement therapy: meta-analysis.J Fam Pract. 2002 Dec;51(12):1056-62

1135. Ursin G, Tseng CC, Paganini-Hill A, Enger S, Wan PC, Formenti S, Pike MC, Ross RK. Does menopausal hormone replacement therapy interact with known factors to increase risk of breast cancer? Arch 1: J Clin Oncol 2002 Feb 1;20(3):699-706

1136. Nanda K, Bastian LA, Schulz K. Hormone replacement therapy and the risk of death from breast cancer: a systematic review. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002 Feb; 186 (2):325-34

1137. Willis DB, Calle EE, Miracle-McMahill HL, Heath CW Jr. Estrogen replacement therapy and risk of fatal breast cancer in a prospective cohort of postmenopausal women in the United States. Cancer Causes Control 1996 Jul;7(4):449-57

1138. Schairer C, Gail M, Byrne C, Rosenberg PS, Sturgeon SR, Brinton LA, Hoover RN.Estrogen replacement therapy and breast cancer survival in a large screening study. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999 Feb 3;91(3):264-70

1139. Ettinger, B, Friedman, GD, Bush, T, Quesenberry CP Jr. Reduced mortality associated with long-term postmenopausal estrogen therapy. Obstet Gynecol 1996; 87:6.

1140 Jernstrom H, Frenander J, Ferno M, Olsson H. Hormone replacement therapy before breast cancer diagnosis significantly reduces the overall death rate compared with never-use among 984 breast cancer patients. Br J Cancer 1999 Jul;80(9):1453-8

1141. Hunt K, Vessey M, McPherson K. Long-term surveillance of mortality and cancer incidence in women recieving hormone replacement therapy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1987; 94: 620-35

1142. Plu-Bureau G, Le MG, Sitruk-Ware R, Thalabard JC, Mauvais-Jarvis P. Progestogen use and decreased risk of breast cancer in a cohort study of premenopausal women with benign breast disease. Br J Cancer 1994 Aug;70(2):270-7

1143. Lundgren S, Lonning PE. Influence of progestins on serum hormone levels in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer -II. A differential effect of megestrol acetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate on serum estrone sulfate and sex hormone binding globulin. J Steroid Biochem. 1990 Jun ; 36(1-2): 105-9.

Testosterone treatment

1144. Dimitrakakis C, Jones RA, Liu A, Bondy CA. Breast cancer incidence in postmenopausal women using testosterone in addition to usual hormone therapy. Menopause.  2004 Sep-Oct;11(5):531-535

1145. Morales A, Connolly JG, Bruce AW. Androgen therapy in advanced carcinoma of the prostate. Can Med Assoc J. 1971;105(1):71-2

1146. Prout GR Jr, Brewer WR. Response of men with advanced prostatic carcinoma to exogenous administration of testosterone. Cancer. 1967 Nov;20(11):1871-8

1147. Joly-Pharaboz MO, Soave MC, Nicolas B, Mebarki F, Renaud M, Foury O, Morel Y, Andre JG. Androgens inhibit the proliferation of a variant of the human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1995 Oct;55(1):67-76

1148. Wolf DA, Schulz P, Fittler F. Synthetic androgens suppress the trans- formed phenotype in human prostate carcinoma cell line LNCaP. Br J Cancer. 1991 Jul; 64 (1): 47-53

1149. Andrews P, Krygier S, Djakiew D. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) modulates the ability of NSAIDs to induce apoptosis of prostate cancer cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2002 Mar;49(3):179-86

 

Longevity: The efficacy of hormone treatments

 

GH treatment

1150. Khansari DN, Gustad T. Effects of long-term, low-dose growth hormone therapy on immune function and life expectancy of mice. Mech Ageing Dev. 1991 Jan;57(1):87-100

Melatonin treatment

1151. Pierpaoli W, Regelson W. Pineal control of aging: effect of melatonin and pineal grafting on aging mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994 Jan 18;91(2):787-91

1152. Gitto E, Karbownik M, Reiter RJ, Tan DX, Cuzzocrea S, Chiurazzi P, Cordaro S, Corona G, Trimarchi G, Barberi I. Effects of melatonin treatment in septic newborns.Pediatr Res. 2001 Dec;50(6):756-60

1153. Barni S, Lissoni P, Cazzaniga M, Ardizzoia A, Meregalli S, Fossati V, Fumagalli L, Brivio F, Tancini G.A randomized study of low-dose subcutaneous interleukin-2 plus melatonin versus supportive care alone in metastatic colorectal cancer patients progressing under 5-fluorouracil and folates. Oncology  1995 May-Jun;52(3):243-5

Cortisol and other glucocorticoid treatment

1154. Imperiale TF, McCullough AJ.   Do corticosteroids reduce mortality from alcoholic hepatitis? A meta-analysis of the randomized trials. Ann Intern Med. 1990 Aug 15;113(4):299-307

1155. Gagnon S, Boota AM, Fischl MA, Baier H, Kirksey OW, La Voie L.  Corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy for severe Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. N Engl J Med. 1990 Nov 22;323(21):1444-50

Estrogen treatment

1156. Petitti DB, Perlman JA, Sidney S.   Noncontraceptive estrogens and mortality: long-term follow-up of women in the Walnut Creek Study. Obstet Gynecol. 1987 Sep;70(3 Pt 1):289-93

1157. Natrajan PK, Soumakis K, Gambrell RD Jr. Estrogen replacement therapy in women with previous breast cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol.  1999;181(2):288-95

1158. DiSaia PJ, Brewster WR, Ziogas A, Anton-Culver H. Breast cancer survival and hormone replacement therapy: a cohort analysis. Am J Clin Oncol. 2000 Dec;23(6):541-5

1159. Jernstrom H, Frenander J, Ferno M, Olsson H. Hormone replacement therapy before breast cancer diagnosis sign. reduces the overall death rate compared with never-use among 984 breast cancer patients. Br J Cancer. 1999;80(9):1453-8

 

ABOUT THE “NEGATIVE” STUDIES ON HORMONES

 

GH treatment

1160. Takala J, Ruokonen E, Webster NR, Nielsen MS, Zandstra DF, Vundelinckx G, Hinds CJ.  Increased mortality associated with growth hormone treatment in critically ill adults. N Engl J Med. 1999 Sep 9;341(11):785-92.

1161. Freeman BD, Danner RL, Banks SM, Natanson C. Safeguarding patients in clinical trials with high mortality rates. Am J Respir Crit Care Med.  2001 Jul 15;164(2):190-2

1162. Vierhapper H, Nowotny P, Waldhausl W. Treatment with growth hormone suppresses cortisol production in man. Metabolism  1998 Nov;47(11):1376-8

1163. Rodriguez-Arnao J, Perry L, Besser GM, Ross RJ. Growth hormone treatment in hypopituitary GH deficient adults reduces circulating cortisol levels during hydrocortisone replacement therapy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)  1996 Jul;45(1):33-7

1164. Weaver JU, Thaventhiran L, Noonan K, Burrin JM, Taylor NF, Norman MR, Monson JP. The effect of growth hormone replacement on cortisol metabolism and glucocorticoid sensitivity in hypopituitary adults. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)  1994 Nov;41(5):639-48 

1165. Ruokonen E, Takala J. Dangers of growth hormone therapy in critically ill patients. Ann Med.  2000 Jul;32(5):317-22

1166. Svennevig JL, Pillgram-Larsen J, Fjeld NB, Birkeland S, Semb G.   Early use of corticosteroids in severe closed chest injuries: a 10-year experience. Injury. 1987 Sep;18(5):309-12

Female hormone replacement therapies

1167. Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, LaCroix AZ, Kooperberg C, Stefanick ML, Jackson RD, Beresford SA, Howard BV, Johnson KC, Kotchen JM, Ockene J; Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators.   Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results From the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002 Jul 17;288(3):321-33

1168. Beral V. Million Women Study Collaborators. Breast cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study. Lancet.  2003 Aug 9;362(9382):419-27

. Foidart JM, Colin C, Denoo X, Desreux J, Beliard A, Fournier S, de Lignieres B. Estradiol and progesterone regulate the proliferation of human breast epithelial cells. Fertil Steril.  1998 May;69(5):963-9

1170. Hofseth LJ, Raafat AM, Osuch JR, Pathak DR, Slomski CA, Haslam SZ. Hormone replacement therapy with estrogen or estrogen plus medroxyprogesterone acetate is associated with increased epithelial proliferation in the normal postmenopausal breast. J Clin Endocrinol Metab.  1999 Dec;84(12):4559-65

 

MULTIPLE HORMONE DEFICIENCIES

 

1171. Herman Jr. Rejuvenation: Brown-Sequard to Brinkley: monkey glands to goat glands. N Y State J Med. 1982 Nov; 82(12):1731-9

1172. De Vroey E, Hertoghe J, HertogheTH. Hartinfarcten: De hypothese van het meervoudig deficiëntie syndroom. Medical Trends 1986; 3: 52-67

 

MUST WE WAIT LONGER BEFORE TREATING?

 

1173. Broeder CE, Quindry J, Brittingham K, Panton L, Thomson J, Appakondu S, Breuel K, Byrd R, Douglas J, Earnest C, Mitchell C, Olson M, Roy T, Yarlagadda C.   The Andro Project: physiological and hormonal influences of androstenedione supplementation in men 35 to 65 years old participating in a high-intensity resistance training program. Arch Intern Med. 2000 Nov 13;160(20):3093-104

1174. Rose DP, Stauber P, Thiel A, Crowley JJ, Milbrath JR.  Plasma DHEAs, Androstenedione and cortisol, and urinary free cortisol excretion in breast cancer. Europ J Cancer.  1977; 13: 43-7

1175. Gomes P, Cassanas G, Halberg F, Hermida R, Robel P, Baulieu EE, Lakatua D, Haus E. Taux sanguin de la DHEA-S et risque de cancer du sein. C R Acad Sci III. 1988;306(7):261-4.

1176. Brownsey B, Cameron EH, Griffiths K, Gleave EN, Forrest AP, Campbell H., Plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels in patients with benign and malignant breast disease., Eur J Cancer. 1972;8(1):131-7.

1177. Wang DY, Bulbrook RD, Herian M, Hayward JL. Studies on the sulphate esters of dehydroepiandrosterone and androsterone in the blood of women with breast cancer. Eur J Cancer. 1974;10(8):477-82.

1178. Cameron EH, Griffiths K, Gleave E, Stewart HJ, Forrest AP, Campbell H., Benign and malignant breast disease in South Wales: a study of urinary steroids., Br Med J. 1970;4(738):768-71.

1179. 10: Zumoff B, Levin J, Rosenfeld RS, Markham M, Strain GW, Fukushima DK. Abnormal 24-hr mean plasma concentrations of dehydroisoandrosterone and dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate in women with primary operable breast cancer. Cancer Res  1981 Sep;41(9 Pt 1):3360-3

1180.  Gordon GB, Bush TL, Helzlsouer KJ, Miller SR, Comstock GW. Relationship of serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate to the risk of developing postmenopausal breast cancer. Cancer Res 1990 Jul 1;50(13):3859-62

1181. Oh JY, Barrett-Connor E, Wedick NM, Wingard DL; Rancho Bernardo Study. Endogenous sex hormones and the development of type 2 diabetes in older men and women: the Rancho Bernardo study. Diabetes Care. 2002 Jan;25(1):55-60

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